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Lifestyle Diseases Dataset – Preventable & Lifestyle-Related Conditions
Lifestyle Diseases Dataset
The Lifestyle Diseases Dataset is a structured medical database containing a comprehensive list of health conditions influenced by lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, and stress.
Lifestyle diseases—also known as non-communicable diseases (NCDs)—are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers are strongly linked to lifestyle behaviours.
This dataset provides organised information about these conditions, helping researchers, developers, and healthcare professionals analyse risk factors, prevention strategies, and treatment approaches.
Each record includes detailed clinical and lifestyle-related information such as disease descriptions, affected systems, common symptoms, severity levels, and contributing lifestyle risk factors.
The dataset has been cleaned and structured for easy integration into spreadsheets, databases, and analytics tools.
It is ideal for public health researchers, wellness app developers, educators, and data scientists working on prevention-focused health solutions.
Dataset Contents
The dataset includes fields such as:
- Disease / Condition Name
- Description
- Affected System
- Common Symptoms
- Severity Level
- Lifestyle Risk Factors (Diet, inactivity, smoking, alcohol, stress)
- Disease Category
- Prevention / Management
Example Conditions Included
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Obesity
- Hypertension
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Stroke
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- Certain Cancers (e.g., lung, colorectal)
- Fatty Liver Disease
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Sleep Apnea
...and many more lifestyle-related conditions.
Data Preview
17 columns
25 rows shown
| ID | Disease Name | Category | Prevalence | Inheritance Pattern | Affected Gene(s) | Chromosome Location | Key Symptoms | Typical Age of Onset | Diagnosis Methods | Available Treatments | Orphan Drug Designation | ICD-10 Code | OMIM Number | Affected System | Disease Severity | Life Expectancy Impact | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | Essential (Primary) Hypertension | Hypertension | ~1.4 billion adults aged 30-79 globally (WHO 2024); ~47% US adults (CDC/AHA 2025) | Acquired (excess sodium intake, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol, low potassium diet, chronic stress, tobacco) | Host: polygenic (AGT, ACE, NOS3, CYP11B2 variants) | 1q42-q43, 17q23, 7q36, 8q24 | Usually asymptomatic; headache, dizziness, blurred vision, epistaxis when severe; end-organ damage signs | Adults 30-50 years | Office BP >=130/80 confirmed by ambulatory/home BP monitoring per 2017 ACC/AHA; basic labs, ECG, urinalysis, eGFR, lipid panel | Lifestyle (DASH diet, Na <1500 mg/d, exercise, weight loss); thiazide-type (chlorthalidone, hydrochlorothiazide), ACEi (lisinopril/Zestril), ARB (losartan/Cozaar), CCB (amlodipine/Norvasc); target <130/80 | No | I10 | N/A | Cardiovascular | Variable | Variable |
| 2 | 2 | Hypertensive Heart Disease | Hypertensive Heart Disease | ~1.1 million US hospitalizations/yr; leading HTN complication (AHA 2025 Stats) | Acquired (long-standing uncontrolled hypertension, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, high sodium intake) | Host: polygenic (same as essential HTN; AGT, ACE variants) | 1q42-q43, 17q23 | Dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, chest discomfort, palpitations, orthopnea, LVH on ECG, S4 gallop | Adults 50-70 years | ECG (LVH by Sokolow-Lyon/Cornell), echocardiography (LV mass index, diastolic dysfunction), cardiac MRI, NT-proBNP | Aggressive BP control; ACEi/ARB (lisinopril, losartan) or ARNI (sacubitril/valsartan/Entresto), beta-blocker (metoprolol succinate/Toprol-XL, carvedilol/Coreg), MRA (spironolactone/Aldactone); treat comorbid HF per 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA HF guideline | No | I11.9 | N/A | Cardiovascular | Moderate | Reduced |
| 3 | 3 | Hypertensive Urgency/Emergency | Hypertensive Crisis | ~1-2% of HTN patients experience crisis lifetime; ~500,000 US ED visits/yr | Acquired (medication nonadherence, illicit drug use cocaine/methamphetamine, uncontrolled chronic HTN, high sodium intake) | Host: same polygenic variants as essential HTN | 1q42-q43, 17q23 | Urgency: severe headache, anxiety, epistaxis without organ damage; Emergency: chest pain, dyspnea, neurologic deficits, visual changes, papilledema, AKI | Adults 40-70 years | BP >=180/120; urgency vs emergency distinguished by end-organ damage (ECG, troponin, chest X-ray, BUN/Cr, urinalysis, fundoscopy, head CT) | Urgency: oral agents, gradual reduction over 24-48h (captopril, labetalol, clonidine); Emergency: IV agents (nicardipine/Cardene, labetalol/Normodyne, clevidipine/Cleviprex, nitroprusside); reduce MAP by 10-20% in 1st hour | No | I16.1 | N/A | Cardiovascular | Severe | Variable |
| 4 | 4 | Coronary Artery Disease (Atherosclerotic) | Ischemic Heart Disease | ~20.5 million US adults (~7.2% ages 20+); 371,506 US deaths in 2022 (CDC/AHA 2025) | Acquired (smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity, poor diet, stress) | Host: polygenic (9p21.3 locus, LDLR, APOE, PCSK9 variants) | 9p21.3, 19p13.2, 19q13.32, 1p32.3 | Often asymptomatic until event; exertional chest pain/pressure, dyspnea, fatigue, angina equivalents | Men >45, women >55 years | ECG, coronary CT angiography (CCTA, preferred initial per 2023 CCD guideline), stress testing, coronary angiography, coronary artery calcium (CAC) score | Lifestyle + high-intensity statin (atorvastatin/Lipitor, rosuvastatin/Crestor), aspirin, ACEi/ARB, beta-blocker; ezetimibe (Zetia), PCSK9i (evolocumab/Repatha, alirocumab/Praluent); revascularization (PCI/CABG) when indicated | No | I25.10 | N/A | Cardiovascular | Variable | Reduced |
| 5 | 5 | Stable Angina Pectoris | Chronic Coronary Disease | ~9 million US adults with angina; most common symptomatic CAD manifestation (AHA 2025) | Acquired (atherosclerosis risk factors: smoking, dyslipidemia, HTN, DM, obesity, inactivity) | Host: polygenic CAD loci (9p21.3, LPA) | 9p21.3, 6q26-q27 | Predictable exertional retrosternal chest pressure/tightness, relieved by rest or nitroglycerin (<5-10 min), radiation to jaw/arm | Men >50, women >60 years | History (typical/atypical), ECG, stress testing (exercise, stress echo, SPECT, stress CMR), CCTA, invasive angiography with FFR per 2023 AHA/ACC CCD guideline | Lifestyle, high-intensity statin, aspirin, ACEi; antianginal first-line: beta-blocker (metoprolol/Toprol-XL) OR CCB (amlodipine/Norvasc) OR long-acting nitrate (isosorbide mononitrate/Imdur); ranolazine (Ranexa) 2nd-line; SL nitroglycerin PRN | No | I20.9 | N/A | Cardiovascular | Moderate | Reduced |
| 6 | 6 | ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) | Acute Coronary Syndrome | ~250,000 STEMIs/yr in US (~30% of ~805,000 total MIs/yr) (AHA 2025) | Acquired (smoking, dyslipidemia, HTN, DM, cocaine use, obesity, stress, sedentary lifestyle) | Host: polygenic (9p21.3, LPA, APOB) | 9p21.3, 6q26-q27, 2p24.1 | Severe crushing substernal chest pain >20 min, diaphoresis, dyspnea, nausea, radiation to jaw/arm, sense of impending doom | Men >45, women >55 years | ECG (ST elevation >=1 mm in 2 contiguous leads or new LBBB), high-sensitivity troponin, bedside echo; emergent coronary angiography | Primary PCI <90 min (goal door-to-balloon); fibrinolytics (tenecteplase/TNKase) if PCI unavailable; DAPT (aspirin + ticagrelor/Brilinta or prasugrel/Effient), unfractionated heparin, high-intensity statin, beta-blocker, ACEi per 2025 ACC/AHA ACS guideline | No | I21.3 | N/A | Cardiovascular | Severe | Reduced |
| 7 | 7 | Non-ST-Elevation ACS (NSTEMI/Unstable Angina) | Acute Coronary Syndrome | ~555,000 NSTEMIs/yr in US (~70% of acute MIs) (AHA 2025) | Acquired (same atherosclerosis risk factors; smoking, dyslipidemia, HTN, DM) | Host: polygenic (9p21.3, LPA) | 9p21.3, 6q26-q27 | Prolonged rest chest pain, new-onset or crescendo angina, dyspnea, diaphoresis; may be atypical in women/diabetics/elderly | Men >50, women >60 years | ECG (ST depression, T-wave inversion, no persistent ST elevation), serial high-sensitivity troponin, risk stratification (GRACE, TIMI), early invasive angiography if high risk | DAPT (aspirin + ticagrelor/Brilinta preferred or clopidogrel/Plavix), anticoagulant (enoxaparin/Lovenox or UFH), high-intensity statin (atorvastatin 80 mg), beta-blocker, ACEi; invasive strategy within 24-72h per 2025 ACC/AHA ACS guideline | No | I21.4 | N/A | Cardiovascular | Severe | Reduced |
| 8 | 8 | Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) | Heart Failure | ~3 million US adults with HFrEF (~50% of ~6.7 million HF cases) (AHA/HFSA HF STATS 2025) | Acquired (ischemic heart disease most common; HTN, alcohol, obesity, cardiotoxins, tachycardia-induced) | Host: some DCM genes in 20-35% (TTN truncating variants, LMNA, MYH7) | 2q31.2, 1q22, 14q11.2 | Exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, PND, fatigue, peripheral edema, abdominal distension, elevated JVP, S3 gallop | Adults 60-80 years | Echocardiogram (LVEF <=40%), BNP/NT-proBNP, chest X-ray, ECG; consider cardiac MRI, coronary angiography to identify etiology | Four pillars GDMT per 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA: ARNI (sacubitril/valsartan/Entresto) > ACEi/ARB, beta-blocker (carvedilol/Coreg, metoprolol succinate/Toprol-XL, bisoprolol), MRA (spironolactone/Aldactone, eplerenone/Inspra), SGLT2i (dapagliflozin/Farxiga, empagliflozin/Jardiance); loop diuretic for congestion | No | I50.22 | N/A | Cardiovascular | Severe | Reduced |
| 9 | 9 | Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) | Heart Failure | ~3.5 million US adults (~50% of HF, rising prevalence) (AHA/HFSA HF STATS 2025) | Acquired (hypertension most common, obesity, diabetes, physical inactivity, atrial fibrillation, aging, sleep apnea) | Host: N/A (predominantly acquired); some TTR variants in wild-type amyloidosis phenotype | 18q12.1 (TTR) | Exertional dyspnea, fatigue, exercise intolerance, peripheral edema, orthopnea, atrial fibrillation common | Adults >65 years (women predominant) | Echocardiogram (LVEF >=50% with diastolic dysfunction, LA enlargement), elevated BNP/NT-proBNP, H2FPEF score, invasive hemodynamics if uncertain | SGLT2i (empagliflozin/Jardiance, dapagliflozin/Farxiga) Class 2a per 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA; MRA (spironolactone) consider; ARNI (sacubitril/valsartan); loop diuretics (furosemide/Lasix) for congestion; aggressive BP control, weight loss, treat comorbidities | No | I50.32 | N/A | Cardiovascular | Moderate | Reduced |
| 10 | 10 | Atrial Fibrillation (lifestyle-related) | Arrhythmia | ~10.55 million US adults (revised upward, AHA 2025); projected >12 million by 2030 | Acquired (hypertension, obesity, alcohol 'holiday heart', obstructive sleep apnea, sedentary lifestyle, endurance exercise, smoking, diabetes) | Host: KCNQ1, KCNE2, PITX2 variants modestly increase risk | 4q25 (PITX2), 11p15.5 (KCNQ1) | Palpitations, irregular pulse, fatigue, dyspnea, lightheadedness, chest discomfort; often asymptomatic | Adults >65 years (increases with age) | ECG (absent P waves, irregularly irregular RR), Holter, event monitor, wearable devices (Apple Watch, KardiaMobile); echocardiogram, TSH, electrolytes | Per 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS AFib guideline: DOAC preferred (apixaban/Eliquis, rivaroxaban/Xarelto, dabigatran/Pradaxa, edoxaban/Savaysa) over warfarin if stroke risk; rate control (metoprolol, diltiazem) or early rhythm control (flecainide, amiodarone, catheter ablation - Class 1 first-line for some); lifestyle (weight loss, alcohol cessation) | No | I48.91 | N/A | Cardiovascular | Moderate | Reduced |
| 11 | 11 | Acute Ischemic Stroke (lifestyle) | Cerebrovascular | ~692,000 ischemic strokes/yr in US (~87% of 795,000 total strokes); ~162,890 stroke deaths 2022 (AHA 2025) | Acquired (HTN, atrial fibrillation, smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, excess alcohol, poor diet) | Host: polygenic (9p21.3, HDAC9, PITX2 for cardioembolic) | 9p21.3, 7p21.1, 4q25 | Sudden unilateral weakness/numbness, facial droop, slurred speech, aphasia, visual loss, ataxia, altered consciousness (FAST/BE-FAST) | Adults >55 years (risk doubles each decade after 55) | Non-contrast head CT (rule out hemorrhage), CT angiography, CT perfusion, MRI DWI (gold standard); NIHSS assessment | IV alteplase (Activase) <=4.5h or tenecteplase (TNKase); mechanical thrombectomy <=24h for LVO; aspirin + clopidogrel (Plavix) dual antiplatelet 21 days for minor; high-intensity statin, BP management, DOAC if AFib per 2019/2021 AHA/ASA guidelines | No | I63.9 | N/A | Cerebrovascular/Nervous | Severe | Reduced |
| 12 | 12 | Intracerebral Hemorrhage (HTN-related) | Cerebrovascular | ~80,000 ICH cases/yr in US (~10% of strokes); 30-40% 30-day mortality (AHA 2025) | Acquired (uncontrolled chronic hypertension primary cause; also anticoagulants, heavy alcohol, cocaine, smoking) | Host: APOE epsilon-2/epsilon-4 (lobar ICH via amyloid angiopathy) | 19q13.32 (APOE) | Sudden severe headache, vomiting, focal neurologic deficits, decreased consciousness, seizures, hypertension at presentation | Adults 55-75 years | Non-contrast head CT (hyperdense blood, rule out SAH), CTA (spot sign), MRI (chronic microbleeds); labs including coagulation | Aggressive BP lowering to SBP 130-150 (nicardipine, clevidipine, labetalol) per 2022 AHA/ASA ICH guideline; reverse anticoagulation (PCC for warfarin, andexanet alfa/Andexxa for FXa inhibitors, idarucizumab/Praxbind for dabigatran); neurosurgical evacuation selective; ICU care | No | I61.9 | N/A | Cerebrovascular/Nervous | Severe | Reduced |
| 13 | 13 | Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) | Cerebrovascular | ~240,000 US TIAs/yr; ~10-15% 90-day stroke risk (AHA 2025) | Acquired (HTN, AFib, carotid stenosis, smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle) | Host: polygenic CVD risk loci | 9p21.3 | Transient focal neurologic deficit lasting <24h (typically <1h): unilateral weakness, aphasia, amaurosis fugax, vertigo, ataxia; resolves completely | Adults >60 years | Urgent MRI with DWI (differentiate from minor stroke), carotid duplex/CTA, echocardiogram, prolonged cardiac monitoring for AFib, ABCD2 score | Dual antiplatelet (aspirin + clopidogrel/Plavix) for 21 days then SAPT, or aspirin + ticagrelor/Brilinta; high-intensity statin (atorvastatin 80 mg), BP control, DOAC if AFib, carotid endarterectomy/stenting if severe stenosis per 2021 AHA/ASA guideline | No | G45.9 | N/A | Cerebrovascular/Nervous | Moderate | Variable |
| 14 | 14 | Peripheral Artery Disease (Lower Extremity) | Peripheral Vascular | >12 million US adults; ~200 million worldwide (AHA 2024 PAD guideline) | Acquired (smoking strongest risk factor, diabetes, HTN, dyslipidemia, age, CKD, sedentary lifestyle) | Host: polygenic (9p21.3, LPA, MTHFR) | 9p21.3, 6q26-q27 | Intermittent claudication (calf/thigh/buttock pain with walking, relieved by rest), rest pain (advanced), non-healing ulcers, cold feet, diminished pulses, hair loss on legs | Adults >65 years (earlier in smokers/diabetics) | Ankle-brachial index (ABI <=0.90 diagnostic), toe-brachial index, duplex ultrasound, CTA, MRA per 2024 ACC/AHA PAD guideline | Smoking cessation, supervised exercise therapy (Class 1), high-intensity statin, antiplatelet (aspirin or clopidogrel/Plavix), rivaroxaban 2.5 mg BID + aspirin (COMPASS/VOYAGER), cilostazol (Pletal) for claudication; revascularization for CLTI | No | I70.219 | N/A | Cardiovascular/Peripheral | Moderate | Reduced |
| 15 | 15 | Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (smoking) | Vascular | ~1.2-3.3% of men >60; ~2.8-3% of US men 65-75 (USPSTF); ~9,904 US deaths in 2020 | Acquired (current/former smoking strongest risk factor, male sex, HTN, atherosclerosis, family history) | Host: variants in LRP1, SORT1, CDKN2B-AS1; MMP9 | 9p21.3, 12q13.3, 1p13.3 | Usually asymptomatic; pulsatile abdominal mass, back/abdominal pain; rupture: sudden severe pain, hypotension, syncope | Men >65 years (ever-smokers) | Abdominal ultrasound (screening & surveillance, USPSTF recommends once for men 65-75 who ever smoked), CT angiography for surgical planning | Risk factor modification (smoking cessation critical), BP control, statin; surveillance imaging for small AAA (<5.5 cm); elective repair at >=5.5 cm (men), >=5.0 cm (women), or rapid growth: EVAR (endovascular) preferred or open surgical repair | No | I71.4 | N/A | Cardiovascular/Vascular | Variable | Variable |
| 16 | 16 | Carotid Artery Stenosis (Atherosclerotic) | Cerebrovascular/Vascular | ~1.5% global prevalence ages 30-79; ~4.2% moderate (>50%), ~1.7% severe (>70%) in older adults | Acquired (smoking, HTN, dyslipidemia, diabetes, age, sedentary lifestyle, poor diet) | Host: polygenic atherosclerosis loci (9p21.3) | 9p21.3 | Often asymptomatic (carotid bruit); symptomatic: TIA, amaurosis fugax, contralateral hemiparesis, aphasia, stroke | Adults >65 years | Carotid duplex ultrasound (initial), CTA or MRA for confirmation, digital subtraction angiography (gold standard); USPSTF recommends against routine screening in asymptomatic | Optimal medical therapy: high-intensity statin (atorvastatin/Lipitor target LDL <70), antiplatelet (aspirin or clopidogrel/Plavix), BP control, smoking cessation; carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for symptomatic >=70% or selected asymptomatic; carotid artery stenting (CAS) or TCAR in high surgical risk | No | I65.23 | N/A | Cerebrovascular/Vascular | Moderate | Variable |
| 17 | 17 | Dyslipidemia / Hypercholesterolemia (lifestyle) | Metabolic/Lipid Disorder | ~86 million US adults with total cholesterol >=200 mg/dL; ~25 million >=240 mg/dL (CDC/AHA 2025) | Acquired (saturated/trans fat intake, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, excess alcohol, smoking, type 2 DM) | Host: polygenic; heterozygous FH in ~1/250 (LDLR, APOB, PCSK9 variants modify) | 19p13.2 (LDLR), 2p24.1 (APOB), 1p32.3 (PCSK9) | Asymptomatic; xanthomas, xanthelasma, corneal arcus if severe/familial; manifests as ASCVD events | Adults >40 years (earlier in FH) | Fasting/non-fasting lipid panel (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, non-HDL-C); ASCVD risk calculator; CAC score if borderline; Lp(a) once per 2018 AHA/ACC guideline | Lifestyle (Mediterranean/DASH diet, exercise, weight loss); high-intensity statin (atorvastatin/Lipitor 40-80 mg, rosuvastatin/Crestor 20-40 mg); ezetimibe (Zetia) add-on; PCSK9i (evolocumab/Repatha, alirocumab/Praluent); bempedoic acid (Nexletol); inclisiran (Leqvio) | No | E78.5 | N/A | Cardiovascular/Metabolic | Variable | Variable |
| 18 | 18 | Hypertriglyceridemia (lifestyle) | Metabolic/Lipid Disorder | ~25-33% US adults with TG >=150 mg/dL; ~1.7% with severe TG >=500 mg/dL (AHA 2025) | Acquired (obesity, type 2 diabetes, excess alcohol, high refined carbohydrate/sugar intake, sedentary lifestyle, metabolic syndrome) | Host: polygenic (APOA5, LPL, APOC3 variants); FCS rare monogenic (LPL, APOC2, GPIHBP1) | 11q23.3 (APOA5), 8p21.3 (LPL), 11q23.3 (APOC3) | Asymptomatic mild-moderate; severe (>1000 mg/dL): eruptive xanthomas, lipemia retinalis, abdominal pain, acute pancreatitis, hepatosplenomegaly | Adults 30-60 years | Fasting lipid panel (TG 150-499 moderate, 500-999 severe, >=1000 very severe); assess secondary causes (DM, hypothyroidism, alcohol, drugs, CKD); per 2021 ACC ECDP | Lifestyle (low-fat/low-sugar diet, weight loss, alcohol restriction, exercise); optimize DM control; statin first-line for ASCVD risk; icosapent ethyl (Vascepa) 4 g/d (REDUCE-IT) if TG 135-499 on statin with ASCVD/DM; fenofibrate (Tricor) or omega-3 for TG >=500 to prevent pancreatitis | No | E78.1 | N/A | Cardiovascular/Metabolic | Variable | Variable |
| 19 | 19 | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | Diabetes | ~38.4 million US (CDC 2024); 589 million adults globally (IDF Atlas 11th ed 2025, 11.1% of 20-79) | Acquired (obesity, physical inactivity, ultra-processed/high-glycemic diet, sedentary behavior, visceral adiposity, smoking, family history) | Host: TCF7L2, KCNQ1, FTO, PPARG, SLC30A8, CDKAL1 polygenic risk variants | 10q25.2-25.3 (TCF7L2), 11p15.5 (KCNQ1), 16q12.2 (FTO), 3p25 (PPARG) | Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue, blurred vision, slow wound healing, recurrent infections; frequently asymptomatic at diagnosis | Adults >=40 (increasingly in children/adolescents) | FPG >=126 mg/dL, HbA1c >=6.5%, 2h OGTT >=200 mg/dL, random glucose >=200 with symptoms (ADA 2025) | Lifestyle (>=5-7% weight loss, MedDiet, >=150 min/wk activity); metformin; GLP-1 RA (semaglutide/Ozempic, dulaglutide/Trulicity, liraglutide/Victoza); dual GIP/GLP-1 tirzepatide/Mounjaro; SGLT2i (empagliflozin/Jardiance, dapagliflozin/Farxiga); insulin when needed | No | E11.9 | 125853 | Endocrine/Metabolic | Variable | Reduced (cardiovascular, renal, and microvascular complications) |
| 20 | 20 | Prediabetes (IFG/IGT) | Diabetes | ~97.6 million US adults aged >=18 (CDC National Diabetes Statistics Report 2024, ~38% of adults) | Acquired (obesity/central adiposity, physical inactivity, high-refined-carb diet, sleep deprivation, aging, family history, gestational diabetes history) | Host: TCF7L2, IRS1, GCKR polygenic risk (overlaps with T2DM) | 10q25.2-25.3 (TCF7L2), 2q36 (IRS1) | Usually asymptomatic; may show acanthosis nigricans, fatigue, mild weight gain | Adults >=35 (ADA 2025 screening age) | IFG: FPG 100-125 mg/dL; IGT: 2h OGTT 140-199 mg/dL; HbA1c 5.7-6.4% (ADA 2025) | Intensive lifestyle (DPP-style, >=7% weight loss, 150 min/wk activity); metformin (especially BMI >=35, age <60, prior GDM); consider GLP-1 RA if obese | No | R73.03 | N/A | Endocrine/Metabolic | Mild | Variable (reversible; progression risk to T2DM ~5-10%/year) |
| 21 | 21 | Metabolic Syndrome | Metabolic | ~34-37% of US adults (NHANES 2011-2018, JAMA 2020/2023 updates); rising globally | Acquired (central obesity, sedentary lifestyle, Western diet, insulin resistance, excessive alcohol, poor sleep, smoking) | Host: polygenic (APOC3, LPL, TCF7L2, FTO contribute) | 10q25.2-25.3, 16q12.2, 11q23.3 | Central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia; often asymptomatic; may have acanthosis nigricans | Adults >=40 (prevalence increases with age) | NCEP ATP III: >=3 of 5 - waist >40in men/>35in women, TG >=150, HDL <40 men/<50 women, BP >=130/85, FPG >=100 mg/dL | Lifestyle (Mediterranean/DASH diet, weight loss >=5-10%, aerobic+resistance exercise); statins; antihypertensives (ACEi/ARB); metformin if IGT; GLP-1 RA/SGLT2i for high-risk | No | E88.810 | 605552 | Endocrine/Metabolic/Cardiovascular | Moderate | Reduced (2x CVD risk, 5x T2DM risk) |
| 22 | 22 | Insulin Resistance Syndrome | Metabolic | ~32-40% of US adults have significant insulin resistance (NHANES-derived HOMA-IR estimates) | Acquired (visceral obesity, physical inactivity, high-fructose/ultra-processed diet, chronic stress, poor sleep, PCOS) | Host: INSR, IRS1, PPARG, TBC1D4 variants (Type A rare Mendelian form) | 19p13.3-p13.2 (INSR), 2q36 (IRS1) | Acanthosis nigricans, skin tags, central adiposity, fatigue, reactive hypoglycemia, hirsutism (women) | Variable (adolescence to adulthood) | HOMA-IR >2.5-2.9, fasting insulin elevated, OGTT with insulin curve; clinical criteria + fasting lipids | Lifestyle (low-glycemic/Mediterranean diet, >=150 min/wk exercise, weight loss); metformin; pioglitazone; GLP-1 RA (semaglutide); SGLT2i | No | E88.811 | 125853 | Endocrine/Metabolic | Variable | Variable (reversible with lifestyle) |
| 23 | 23 | Obesity, Class I (BMI 30-34.9) | Obesity | ~40.3% of US adults obese overall; Class I ~17-18% (NHANES Aug 2021-Aug 2023, NCHS Data Brief 508) | Acquired (caloric excess, ultra-processed/high-fat diet, sedentary behavior, sleep deprivation, stress, obesogenic medications, socioeconomic factors) | Host: FTO, MC4R, TMEM18, BDNF polygenic risk | 16q12.2 (FTO), 18q21.32 (MC4R) | Weight gain, fatigue, joint pain, dyspnea on exertion, snoring; often asymptomatic | Any age (adults most common) | BMI 30.0-34.9 kg/m2; waist circumference; body composition; evaluate for comorbidities | Intensive behavioral therapy (>=14 sessions/6 mo); Mediterranean/low-calorie diet; >=150-300 min/wk activity; semaglutide/Wegovy, liraglutide/Saxenda, tirzepatide/Zepbound, phentermine-topiramate/Qsymia, naltrexone-bupropion/Contrave | No | E66.811 | 601665 | Endocrine/Metabolic | Mild | Variable (slightly reduced with comorbidities) |
| 24 | 24 | Severe/Class III Obesity (BMI >=40) | Obesity | ~9.4% of US adults (CDC NHANES Aug 2021-Aug 2023); women 12.1%, men 6.7% | Acquired (sustained caloric excess, genetic predisposition, food environment, medications, sedentary lifestyle, childhood obesity trajectory) | Host: MC4R, LEPR, POMC, FTO (monogenic rare); polygenic majority | 18q21.32 (MC4R), 1p31.3 (LEPR), 2p23.3 (POMC) | Severe dyspnea, sleep apnea, joint pain, mobility limitation, skin breakdown, depression, heat intolerance | Adulthood (often trajectory from childhood/adolescence) | BMI >=40 kg/m2 or >=35 with serious comorbidity; comprehensive metabolic/CV/mental health evaluation | Tirzepatide/Zepbound (20.2% weight loss SURMOUNT-5); semaglutide/Wegovy 2.4mg; setmelanotide/Imcivree (MC4R pathway); bariatric surgery (sleeve gastrectomy, RYGB) per ASMBS 2022 (BMI >=35, or >=30 with metabolic disease) | No | E66.813 | 601665 | Endocrine/Metabolic/Multisystem | Severe | Reduced (6-14 years life expectancy loss) |
| 25 | 25 | Childhood/Adolescent Obesity | Obesity | ~19.7% of US children/adolescents aged 2-19 (CDC NHANES 2017-2020); 14.7 million US children; 390 million globally ages 5-19 overweight (WHO 2024) | Acquired (sugar-sweetened beverages, ultra-processed foods, screen time, low activity, short sleep, food insecurity, intrauterine/early-life factors) | Host: FTO, MC4R, LEPR, POMC; rare monogenic forms in <5 yo | 16q12.2 (FTO), 18q21.32 (MC4R), 1p31.3 (LEPR) | Excess weight gain, acanthosis nigricans, striae, early puberty, fatigue, bullying/depression, joint pain, snoring | Childhood (any age; concerning <5 years) | BMI >=95th percentile for age/sex (obesity); >=120% of 95th percentile (severe); CDC growth charts | Intensive health behavior & lifestyle treatment (IHBLT, >=26 contact hours, AAP 2023); family-based therapy; pharmacotherapy >=12 yo (semaglutide/Wegovy, liraglutide/Saxenda, phentermine-topiramate); metabolic/bariatric surgery >=13 yo with severe obesity | No | E66.9 | 601665 | Endocrine/Metabolic/Multisystem | Variable | Variable (tracks into adulthood) |
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