Health
Excel
Chronic Diseases Dataset – Long-Term Health Conditions Database
Chronic Diseases Dataset
The Chronic Diseases Dataset is a structured medical database containing a comprehensive list of long-term health conditions that require ongoing management.
Chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, respiratory disorders, and autoimmune diseases affect millions of people worldwide and are a major focus of public health and healthcare research.
This dataset provides organised information about chronic conditions, helping researchers, developers, and healthcare professionals analyse disease patterns, risk factors, and treatment approaches.
Each record includes detailed information such as disease descriptions, affected body systems, symptoms, severity levels, and management strategies.
The dataset has been cleaned and structured for easy integration into spreadsheets, databases, and analytics tools.
It is ideal for medical researchers, healthcare developers, educators, and data scientists working on long-term health conditions and disease management.
Dataset Contents
The dataset includes fields such as:
- Disease / Condition Name
- Description
- Affected System
- Common Symptoms
- Severity Level
- Disease Category
- Risk Factors
- Management / Treatment Approach
Example Conditions Included
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Hypertension
- Asthma
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- Arthritis
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Alzheimer’s Disease
- Parkinson’s Disease
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Chronic Liver Disease
...and many more long-term health conditions.
Data Preview
18 columns
25 rows shown
| ID | Disease Name | Disease Category | Primary System Affected | Global Prevalence | Etiology / Risk Factors | Pathophysiology | Key Symptoms / Clinical Features | Diagnostic Criteria / Methods | First-Line Treatment | Key Medications | Lifestyle Modifications | Major Complications | Prognosis / Life Expectancy Impact | Global Burden (DALYs/Deaths) | ICD-10 Code | WHO NCD Priority | Typical Age of Onset | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | Coronary Artery Disease | Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular System | ~200 million globally; leading cause of death worldwide | Atherosclerosis, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, family history, obesity, sedentary lifestyle | Atherosclerotic plaque buildup in coronary arteries causing reduced myocardial blood flow and oxygen delivery | Angina pectoris (chest pain), dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, may be asymptomatic until MI | Cardiac stress test, coronary angiography, ECG changes, elevated troponins if acute MI, coronary CT angiography | Antiplatelet therapy (aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitors), statins, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, lifestyle modification, revascularization if indicated | Aspirin, clopidogrel, atorvastatin, metoprolol, lisinopril, nitroglycerin, ranolazine | Smoking cessation, Mediterranean diet, regular aerobic exercise, weight management, stress reduction | Myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, cardiogenic shock | Variable; well-controlled CAD can have near-normal life expectancy; post-MI 5-year mortality ~50% if untreated | 9.44 million deaths annually; leading global cause of mortality | I25 | Yes | Typically >45 years; earlier with risk factors |
| 2 | 2 | Heart Failure | Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular System | 64 million globally; prevalence 1-2% in adults, >10% in those >70 | CAD, hypertension, valve disease, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, alcohol abuse, viral myocarditis, congenital heart disease | Impaired ventricular filling (diastolic dysfunction) or ejection (systolic dysfunction) causing inadequate cardiac output and fluid retention | Dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, peripheral edema, fatigue, exercise intolerance | Clinical symptoms + BNP/NT-proBNP elevation, echocardiography showing reduced EF (<40% HFrEF) or preserved EF with diastolic dysfunction (HFpEF) | Diuretics for congestion, ACE inhibitors/ARBs/ARNI, beta-blockers, MRAs, SGLT2 inhibitors, device therapy if indicated | Furosemide, sacubitril/valsartan, carvedilol, spironolactone, empagliflozin, digoxin | Sodium restriction (<2g/day), fluid restriction, daily weights, exercise as tolerated, vaccination | Acute decompensation, arrhythmias, renal dysfunction, thromboembolism, sudden death | Chronic progressive condition; 5-year mortality ~50%; significantly reduced life expectancy especially with advanced HF | 3.5 million deaths annually; major cause of hospitalization in elderly | I50 | Yes | Typically >65 years; can occur earlier with CAD |
| 3 | 3 | Hypertension | Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular System | 1.39 billion adults worldwide; ~46% of adults have hypertension | Primary (idiopathic 90-95%); secondary causes include renal disease, endocrine disorders, medications, OSA; risk factors: age, obesity, salt intake, alcohol, stress, family history | Increased peripheral vascular resistance and/or cardiac output; chronic elevation damages arterial walls and end organs | Often asymptomatic ('silent killer'); severe HTN may cause headache, vision changes, chest pain, dyspnea | BP ≥130/80 mmHg (ACC/AHA) or ≥140/90 mmHg (ESC/WHO) on multiple occasions; ambulatory BP monitoring for confirmation | Lifestyle modification first; pharmacotherapy: thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, CCBs, beta-blockers | Hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril, amlodipine, losartan, metoprolol, chlorthalidone | DASH diet, sodium restriction (<2.3g/day), weight loss, regular exercise, alcohol moderation, stress management | Stroke, MI, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, retinopathy, aortic dissection, dementia | Good prognosis with treatment; well-controlled hypertension can have normal life expectancy; untreated significantly increases CV mortality | 10.8 million deaths annually; leading risk factor for global disease burden | I10 | Yes | Typically >40 years; increasing prevalence with age |
| 4 | 4 | Atrial Fibrillation | Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular System | 60 million globally; ~3% of adults >20 years; 9% in those >65 | Hypertension, heart failure, valve disease, CAD, hyperthyroidism, alcohol, obesity, sleep apnea, age, genetic factors | Chaotic atrial electrical activity causing irregular ventricular response; atrial remodeling and fibrosis perpetuate arrhythmia | Palpitations, dyspnea, fatigue, dizziness, chest discomfort; may be asymptomatic in paroxysmal AF | ECG showing irregularly irregular rhythm without P waves, fibrillatory waves; echocardiography to assess structural disease and thrombus risk | Rate control (beta-blockers, CCBs) vs rhythm control (antiarrhythmics, cardioversion); anticoagulation based on CHA2DS2-VASc score | Metoprolol, diltiazem, amiodarone, flecainide, apixaban, warfarin, rivaroxaban | Alcohol abstinence, weight loss, treatment of OSA, regular exercise, BP control | Stroke (5x risk), heart failure, cardiomyopathy, dementia, bleeding from anticoagulation | Variable; well-controlled AF with anticoagulation has near-normal life expectancy; increased stroke and mortality risk if untreated | 287,000 deaths annually; major cause of stroke and disability | I48 | Yes | Typically >65 years; incidence increases with age |
| 5 | 5 | Peripheral Arterial Disease | Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular System | Over 200 million globally; 12-14% of general population; higher in elderly | Atherosclerosis, smoking (strongest risk), diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, age >65, family history | Atherosclerotic narrowing of peripheral arteries (especially lower extremities) causing reduced blood flow and ischemia | Intermittent claudication (leg pain with walking), rest pain, non-healing ulcers, cold extremities; 50% asymptomatic | Ankle-brachial index (ABI <0.90), arterial duplex ultrasound, CT/MR angiography, physical exam findings | Antiplatelet therapy (aspirin/clopidogrel), statin therapy, cilostazol for claudication, exercise therapy, revascularization if severe | Aspirin, clopidogrel, atorvastatin, cilostazol, rivaroxaban (high-risk patients) | Smoking cessation (critical), supervised exercise program, foot care, wound care if ulcers present | Critical limb ischemia, amputation, MI, stroke, cardiovascular death | Reduced life expectancy; 5-year mortality 10-15%; high CV event risk; critical limb ischemia has poor prognosis | Significant CV morbidity; marker of systemic atherosclerosis; increases overall mortality risk | I73.9 | Yes | Typically >50 years; earlier with diabetes/smoking |
| 6 | 6 | Aortic Aneurysm | Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular System | Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA): 5-10% of men >65; thoracic aortic aneurysm: less common | Atherosclerosis, hypertension, smoking, genetic factors (Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos), age, male sex, family history, bicuspid aortic valve | Weakening and dilation of aortic wall due to medial degeneration, inflammation, and proteolytic enzyme activity | Usually asymptomatic until rupture; large aneurysms may cause back/abdominal pain, pulsatile mass; rupture causes sudden severe pain, hypotension, shock | Ultrasound screening (AAA), CT/MR angiography for sizing and surveillance; aneurysm defined as aortic diameter >3cm (abdominal) or >5cm (thoracic) | Small aneurysms: surveillance imaging; BP control; large aneurysms (≥5.5cm AAA, ≥6cm thoracic): surgical or endovascular repair | Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, statins for medical management pre-surgery | Smoking cessation (critical), BP control, lipid management, avoid heavy lifting | Rupture (90% mortality), dissection, thromboembolism, compression of adjacent structures | Variable; small stable aneurysms with surveillance have good prognosis; rupture is often fatal; 5-year rupture risk increases with size | 154,000 deaths annually from aortic aneurysm/dissection worldwide | I71 | Yes | Typically >60 years; earlier with genetic syndromes |
| 7 | 7 | Rheumatic Heart Disease | Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular System | ~40 million cases globally; endemic in developing countries; rare in developed nations | Sequela of acute rheumatic fever following untreated Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis; poverty, overcrowding, inadequate healthcare access | Autoimmune response to strep antigens causing valvular inflammation, scarring, and deformity; mitral stenosis most common lesion | Dyspnea, fatigue, palpitations, chest pain, syncope; heart murmur on exam; symptoms of valvular disease | History of rheumatic fever, echocardiography showing valvular thickening/stenosis/regurgitation, Doppler assessment of severity | Penicillin prophylaxis to prevent recurrent RF, heart failure management, anticoagulation for AF, valve repair/replacement for severe disease | Benzathine penicillin G (monthly IM), warfarin, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, surgical valve intervention | Secondary antibiotic prophylaxis continuation, good dental hygiene, endocarditis prophylaxis for dental procedures | Progressive valvular disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke, endocarditis, pulmonary hypertension | Variable; depends on severity and access to surgery; untreated severe disease has shortened life expectancy; good outcomes with timely valve surgery | 319,000 deaths annually; major cause of CV death in young people in endemic regions | I09 | Yes | Initial RF typically 5-15 years; chronic RHD develops over decades |
| 8 | 8 | Dilated Cardiomyopathy | Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular System | 1 in 2,500 adults; leading indication for heart transplantation | Idiopathic (50%), genetic mutations (30-40%), alcohol, viral myocarditis, chemotherapy, peripartum, chronic tachycardia, nutritional deficiencies | Progressive ventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction due to myocyte loss, fibrosis, and impaired contractility | Heart failure symptoms: dyspnea, fatigue, edema, orthopnea; arrhythmias, thromboembolism | Echocardiography showing LV dilation and reduced EF (<40%); MRI for tissue characterization; genetic testing if familial; exclude secondary causes | Standard heart failure therapy: ACE-I/ARBs/ARNI, beta-blockers, MRAs, SGLT2-i, diuretics; ICD/CRT device therapy; transplant for refractory cases | Sacubitril/valsartan, carvedilol, spironolactone, empagliflozin, furosemide, digoxin | Alcohol abstinence, sodium restriction, family screening if genetic, avoid cardiotoxic substances | Progressive heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, stroke, transplant need | Variable prognosis; 5-year mortality 20-50% depending on severity; progressive disease with significantly reduced life expectancy without transplant | Major cause of heart failure and transplant need; significant mortality burden | I42.0 | Yes | Typically 20-60 years; can occur at any age |
| 9 | 9 | Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular System | 1 in 500 adults; most common genetic cardiovascular disease | Autosomal dominant mutations in sarcomeric protein genes (MYH7, MYBPC3); 50% familial; de novo mutations | Asymmetric LV hypertrophy (especially septum) with possible LV outflow obstruction, diastolic dysfunction, myocardial disarray, and fibrosis | Many asymptomatic; dyspnea, chest pain, palpitations, syncope, sudden cardiac death (especially in young athletes) | Echocardiography showing LV wall thickness ≥15mm (≥13mm with family history); cardiac MRI; genetic testing; exclude other causes of LVH | Beta-blockers or CCBs for symptoms; disopyramide for obstruction; ICD for high-risk SCD; septal reduction therapy (myectomy or alcohol ablation) if refractory obstruction | Metoprolol, verapamil, disopyramide, ICD placement for primary prevention | Avoid strenuous competitive sports, maintain hydration, family screening, genetic counseling | Sudden cardiac death (especially young patients), heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke, endocarditis | Variable; many have normal life expectancy with treatment; annual SCD risk 1%; risk stratification critical | Leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes; significant genetic burden | I42.1 | Yes | Any age; often diagnosed in adolescence/young adulthood |
| 10 | 10 | Pulmonary Hypertension | Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular/Respiratory System | ~1% of global population; higher in elderly; varies by subtype (idiopathic PAH rare ~5-10/million) | Group 1 (PAH): idiopathic, genetic, drugs/toxins, CTD; Group 2: left heart disease (most common); Group 3: lung disease/hypoxia; Group 4: CTEPH; Group 5: multifactorial | Elevated pulmonary artery pressure (mean PAP ≥20mmHg) due to pulmonary vascular remodeling, vasoconstriction, thrombosis; leads to RV failure | Dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, chest pain, syncope, edema; progressive exercise intolerance | Echocardiography with elevated RVSP; right heart catheterization (gold standard) showing mean PAP ≥20mmHg with PVR ≥2 WU; workup to determine subtype | Treat underlying cause; Group 1 PAH: pulmonary vasodilators (ERAs, PDE5-i, prostacyclins, sGC stimulators); oxygen; diuretics; anticoagulation in selected cases | Ambrisentan, sildenafil, treprostinil, riociguat, epoprostenol, furosemide, warfarin | Oxygen therapy if hypoxic, graded exercise rehabilitation, avoid pregnancy (high risk), altitude avoidance | Right heart failure, arrhythmias, sudden death, hemoptysis, complications of therapy | Variable by etiology; idiopathic PAH median survival 7 years untreated, improved with modern therapies; secondary PH prognosis depends on underlying disease | Significant mortality especially in PAH and CTEPH groups; major cause of RV failure | I27 | Yes | Group 1 PAH: typically 30-60 years; Group 2/3: older adults |
| 11 | 11 | Chronic Venous Insufficiency | Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular System | ~25 million adults in US; prevalence 5-30% in adults, increases with age | Venous valve incompetence, previous DVT (post-thrombotic syndrome), obesity, pregnancy, prolonged standing, age, family history | Venous valve dysfunction causes retrograde flow, venous hypertension, inflammation, and tissue changes leading to edema and skin damage | Leg swelling, aching, heaviness, varicose veins, skin changes (hyperpigmentation, lipodermatosclerosis), venous ulcers | Clinical presentation, duplex ultrasound showing venous reflux >0.5 seconds, venous plethysmography | Compression therapy (20-30mmHg stockings), leg elevation, exercise, weight loss; wound care for ulcers; ablation/sclerotherapy for varicose veins | Compression stockings (primary therapy), pentoxifylline, topical wound care agents, antibiotics for infected ulcers | Compression stockings daily, leg elevation, walking exercise, weight management, avoid prolonged standing | Venous ulceration (most significant), skin infection/cellulitis, bleeding from varices, rarely DVT | Chronic condition; good prognosis with compression therapy; venous ulcers can be recurrent and challenging to heal but rarely life-threatening | Major cause of morbidity and healthcare costs; ulcers affect quality of life | I87.2 | No | Typically >50 years; increases with age and risk factors |
| 12 | 12 | Calcific Aortic Valve Disease | Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular System | ~25% of adults >65 have aortic sclerosis; 2-3% have aortic stenosis; prevalence increases with age | Age-related calcification, bicuspid aortic valve (congenital), rheumatic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, similar risk factors to atherosclerosis | Progressive calcium deposition on aortic valve leaflets causing thickening, reduced mobility, and stenosis; hemodynamic obstruction to LV outflow | Early: asymptomatic; symptomatic severe AS: dyspnea, angina, syncope (classic triad); heart failure | Echocardiography showing aortic valve thickening/calcification, reduced valve area (<1cm² severe AS), elevated gradient; systolic ejection murmur on exam | Asymptomatic mild-moderate AS: surveillance; symptomatic severe AS: aortic valve replacement (surgical AVR or transcatheter TAVR); manage risk factors | No medical therapy delays progression; diuretics/ACE-I for HF symptoms; surgical AVR or TAVR for severe symptomatic disease | Heart-healthy lifestyle, BP control, lipid management (though statins don't slow AS progression) | Heart failure, syncope, sudden death, endocarditis; once symptomatic, poor prognosis without valve replacement | Asymptomatic mild-moderate AS: normal life expectancy with surveillance; symptomatic severe AS: median survival <2-3 years without intervention; excellent outcomes with valve replacement | Significant cause of morbidity in elderly; major indication for valve replacement | I35.0 | No | Typically >65 years; earlier with bicuspid valve (40-50s) |
| 13 | 13 | Mitral Valve Prolapse | Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular System | 2-3% of general population; more common in women; most common valvular abnormality | Primary (myxomatous degeneration, genetic connective tissue disorders like Marfan/Ehlers-Danlos); secondary (rheumatic, ischemic, cardiomyopathy) | Abnormal mitral valve leaflet tissue causing leaflet displacement into left atrium during systole; may progress to mitral regurgitation | Most asymptomatic; palpitations, chest pain (atypical), anxiety, fatigue; severe MR causes HF symptoms; midsystolic click on exam | Echocardiography showing >2mm systolic displacement of mitral leaflets into LA; assess degree of mitral regurgitation and LV function | Asymptomatic/mild: observation; beta-blockers for palpitations; severe MR with symptoms: mitral valve repair or replacement | Beta-blockers for symptom management, antibiotic prophylaxis no longer recommended except high-risk, surgical repair/replacement for severe MR | Usually none required; avoid dehydration, manage anxiety/stress | Progressive mitral regurgitation, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, endocarditis (rare), arrhythmias, rarely sudden death | Excellent prognosis; most have normal life expectancy; <2-4% develop significant MR requiring surgery; very low risk of complications in classic MVP | Generally benign condition; rarely progresses to severe disease | I34.1 | No | Often diagnosed in young adulthood; can be any age |
| 14 | 14 | Varicose Veins | Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular System | ~23% of US adults; up to 40% of women and 20% of men; prevalence increases with age | Venous valve incompetence, family history, pregnancy, obesity, prolonged standing, age, female sex, prior DVT | Venous valve failure causes blood pooling and increased pressure, leading to vein dilation, tortuosity, and visible varicosities | Visible dilated, tortuous superficial veins; aching, heaviness, cramping in legs; worsens with standing; skin changes in chronic cases | Clinical examination; duplex ultrasound to assess saphenous vein reflux and rule out DVT | Conservative: compression stockings, leg elevation, exercise; interventional: endovenous ablation (laser/RF), sclerotherapy, phlebectomy for symptomatic or cosmetically bothersome veins | Compression stockings (first-line), sclerosants for sclerotherapy, endovenous ablation procedures | Compression stockings, regular exercise, leg elevation, weight management, avoid prolonged standing/sitting | Chronic venous insufficiency, venous ulcers (rare), superficial thrombophlebitis, bleeding, rarely DVT | Excellent prognosis; primarily cosmetic and quality-of-life concern; rarely causes serious complications; recurrence common after treatment | Major cause of healthcare visits and cosmetic procedures; minimal mortality risk | I83 | No | Typically >30 years; increases with age and pregnancies |
| 15 | 15 | Raynaud's Phenomenon | Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular System | 3-5% of general population; primary Raynaud's ~90% of cases; more common in women | Primary (idiopathic); secondary to connective tissue diseases (scleroderma, lupus), medications (beta-blockers), occupational vibration, smoking | Exaggerated vasospastic response to cold or stress causing triphasic color changes (white→blue→red) due to vasospasm and reperfusion | Episodic color changes of digits (white/blue/red), numbness, pain with cold exposure or stress; symmetric in primary, asymmetric in secondary | Clinical diagnosis based on history and exam; nailfold capillaroscopy and autoantibody testing to distinguish primary from secondary | Avoid triggers (cold, stress), keep warm; CCBs (nifedipine) for severe cases; treat underlying condition if secondary; rarely prostacyclin analogs | Nifedipine, amlodipine, topical nitroglycerin, sildenafil (severe cases), iloprost infusions (critical ischemia) | Avoid cold exposure, wear gloves/warm clothing, smoking cessation, stress management, avoid vasoconstricting medications | Primary: rarely serious; secondary: digital ulceration, gangrene, amputation (especially in scleroderma) | Primary Raynaud's: excellent prognosis, normal life expectancy, rarely progresses; secondary: depends on underlying disease, risk of tissue loss | Minimal mortality; quality of life impact; secondary Raynaud's in scleroderma has risk of digital loss | I73.0 | No | Primary: typically 15-30 years; secondary: any age with onset of underlying disease |
| 16 | 16 | Deep Vein Thrombosis (Chronic/Post-Thrombotic Syndrome) | Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular System | Post-thrombotic syndrome develops in 20-50% of DVT patients within 2 years | Prior DVT (main cause), venous valve damage, recurrent thrombosis, inadequate anticoagulation, delayed treatment, extensive initial clot burden | Chronic venous obstruction and valve incompetence following DVT causes venous hypertension, inflammation, and chronic tissue changes | Chronic leg pain, swelling, heaviness, cramping, skin changes (hyperpigmentation, induration), venous ulcers; worse with standing | History of documented DVT, clinical symptoms, duplex ultrasound showing venous obstruction/reflux, Villalta scale score for severity assessment | Compression therapy (30-40mmHg stockings), leg elevation, exercise, weight management; treat venous ulcers; rarely venous stenting for severe obstruction | Compression stockings (mainstay), anticoagulation continuation if recurrent VTE risk, wound care for ulcers, pain management | Daily compression stockings (proven to reduce PTS risk), regular walking, leg elevation, weight management | Chronic venous insufficiency, recurrent venous ulceration, chronic pain, reduced quality of life, rarely recurrent DVT | Chronic condition but not life-threatening; quality of life significantly impacted; venous ulcers can be recurrent and difficult to heal | Major cause of chronic morbidity post-DVT; healthcare burden from ulcer management | I87.0 | No | Develops months to years after initial DVT; typically adults >40 |
| 17 | 17 | Myocarditis (Chronic) | Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular System | Acute myocarditis incidence ~10-20/100,000; chronic/persistent myocarditis less common (exact prevalence unknown) | Viral infections (most common: coxsackie, adenovirus, parvovirus B19), autoimmune diseases, drug hypersensitivity, toxins, giant cell myocarditis, sarcoidosis | Persistent myocardial inflammation leading to myocyte damage, fibrosis, and ventricular dysfunction; may evolve into dilated cardiomyopathy | Chest pain, dyspnea, fatigue, palpitations, heart failure symptoms; may have arrhythmias; fulminant cases have cardiogenic shock | Elevated troponin, ECG changes, echocardiography showing wall motion abnormalities/reduced EF, cardiac MRI (gold standard), endomyocardial biopsy in selected cases | Supportive care for HF, treat underlying cause if identified, immunosuppression for giant cell/autoimmune cases, standard HF therapy, manage arrhythmias, mechanical support/transplant for refractory cases | Standard HF medications (ACE-I, beta-blockers, diuretics), immunosuppression (prednisone, azathioprine) for specific etiologies, antiarrhythmics if needed | Rest during acute phase, avoid competitive sports during active inflammation, gradual return to activity after recovery | Dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, heart block, transplant need | Variable; many recover fully; fulminant myocarditis has high mortality (25-40%) acutely but better long-term survival if survive acute phase; chronic cases may progress to DCM | Rare but significant cause of sudden death in young adults and athletes; can lead to transplant | I51.4 | No | Any age; acute often in young adults 20-40; chronic develops over time |
| 18 | 18 | Pericarditis (Chronic/Constrictive) | Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular System | Acute pericarditis ~5% of chest pain ER visits; chronic/constrictive pericarditis rare; recurrent pericarditis in 15-30% of acute cases | Acute: viral (most common), post-MI, uremia, autoimmune; chronic/constrictive: prior cardiac surgery, radiation, TB, recurrent pericarditis, idiopathic | Pericardial inflammation (acute) or fibrosis/calcification (constrictive) causing impaired diastolic filling and reduced cardiac output | Acute: chest pain (sharp, positional, relieved by leaning forward), pericardial friction rub; constrictive: dyspnea, fatigue, edema, ascites, elevated JVP | Acute: clinical criteria (chest pain + friction rub/ECG changes/pericardial effusion); constrictive: echo/MRI showing thickened pericardium, catheterization showing equalization of pressures | Acute: NSAIDs + colchicine; constrictive: pericardiectomy (definitive); treat underlying cause; avoid NSAIDs in chronic cases | Ibuprofen, aspirin, colchicine, corticosteroids (refractory cases), surgical pericardiectomy for constrictive | Rest during acute phase, gradual activity resumption, continue colchicine for recurrence prevention | Recurrent pericarditis, progression to constrictive pericarditis, cardiac tamponade (acute), chronic heart failure | Acute pericarditis: excellent prognosis with treatment; constrictive pericarditis: significantly reduced life expectancy without surgery; pericardiectomy mortality 5-10% but improves long-term survival | Rare condition; constrictive form has significant morbidity and surgical risk | I31.1 | No | Acute: any age, often young adults; constrictive: typically develops years after initial insult |
| 19 | 19 | Type 2 Diabetes | Metabolic/Endocrine | Endocrine/Metabolic System | 537 million adults globally (10.5%); projected 643 million by 2030; 90% of all diabetes | Insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction; risk factors: obesity, sedentary lifestyle, age, family history, ethnicity (higher in South Asian, African descent), gestational diabetes history | Progressive insulin resistance in peripheral tissues combined with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells, leading to hyperglycemia | Often asymptomatic initially; polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, slow wound healing, recurrent infections | Fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, HbA1c ≥6.5%, or random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms; OGTT ≥200 mg/dL at 2 hours | Lifestyle modification (diet, exercise, weight loss); metformin first-line; add SGLT2-i, GLP-1 RA, DPP-4i, insulin as needed; target HbA1c <7% | Metformin, empagliflozin, semaglutide, sitagliptin, insulin glargine, pioglitazone, sulfonylureas | Weight loss (5-10%), Mediterranean/low-carb diet, 150 min/week exercise, smoking cessation, BP/lipid control | Microvascular: retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy; macrovascular: CAD, stroke, PAD; hypoglycemia, infections, diabetic foot ulcers/amputation | Chronic progressive disease; well-controlled diabetes can have near-normal life expectancy; poorly controlled reduces life expectancy by 10-20 years; CV disease major cause of death | 6.7 million deaths annually; leading cause of blindness, kidney failure, lower limb amputation; massive global health burden | E11 | Yes | Typically >40 years; increasing incidence in younger adults/children with obesity epidemic |
| 20 | 20 | Type 1 Diabetes | Metabolic/Endocrine | Endocrine/Metabolic System | 8.4 million people globally; ~5-10% of all diabetes; incidence highest in Northern Europe | Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells; genetic susceptibility (HLA-DR3/DR4) + environmental triggers (viral infections, diet); islet autoantibodies present | T-cell mediated autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells leading to absolute insulin deficiency | Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue; may present with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA); requires insulin for survival | Hyperglycemia + presence of islet autoantibodies (GAD, IA-2, ZnT8); C-peptide low/absent; DKA at presentation common | Lifelong insulin therapy (multiple daily injections or insulin pump); continuous glucose monitoring; target HbA1c <7%; carbohydrate counting | Insulin (rapid-acting: lispro, aspart; long-acting: glargine, degludec), adjunct therapies (pramlintide), SGLT2-i and GLP-1 RA emerging | Carbohydrate counting, regular glucose monitoring, physical activity with glucose adjustment, avoid alcohol excess, sick-day management | Microvascular: retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy; macrovascular: CAD; DKA, severe hypoglycemia, increased infection risk | With modern insulin therapy and glucose monitoring, near-normal life expectancy possible; intensive control reduces complications; DKA and severe hypoglycemia remain risks; reduced life expectancy by ~10 years if poorly controlled | Significant cause of morbidity; DKA mortality risk; long-term complications burden; earlier onset than T2DM increases lifetime complication risk | E10 | Yes | Peak onset childhood/adolescence; can occur at any age (LADA in adults) |
| 21 | 21 | Obesity | Metabolic/Endocrine | Metabolic System | Over 1 billion people globally (650M adults, 340M adolescents, 39M children); 13% of global adult population | Energy imbalance (caloric intake > expenditure); genetic factors, sedentary lifestyle, high-calorie diet, environmental factors, medications, endocrine disorders (rare) | Chronic positive energy balance leading to excess adipose tissue accumulation; adipose dysfunction causes inflammation, insulin resistance, metabolic dysregulation | BMI ≥30 kg/m²; associated symptoms: dyspnea, joint pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance; stigma and psychosocial impact | BMI ≥30 kg/m² (Class I: 30-34.9, Class II: 35-39.9, Class III: ≥40); waist circumference; assess for comorbidities (metabolic syndrome, diabetes, OSA) | Lifestyle modification (diet, exercise, behavioral therapy); pharmacotherapy (GLP-1 RA, orlistat) for BMI ≥30 or ≥27 with comorbidities; bariatric surgery for BMI ≥40 or ≥35 with comorbidities | Semaglutide, tirzepatide, orlistat, phentermine-topiramate, naltrexone-bupropion; bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y, sleeve gastrectomy) | Caloric restriction (500-750 kcal/day deficit), Mediterranean or low-carb diet, 150-300 min/week exercise, behavioral therapy, sleep hygiene | Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke, OSA, NAFLD, certain cancers, osteoarthritis, GERD, reproductive issues, psychosocial impact | Chronic condition; Class III obesity reduces life expectancy by 8-10 years; weight loss of 5-10% significantly improves metabolic health; bariatric surgery can add years to life | 5 million deaths annually; major risk factor for diabetes, CVD, cancer; enormous global health and economic burden | E66 | Yes | Increasing prevalence in all age groups; childhood obesity epidemic; adult onset typically 30-50 years |
| 22 | 22 | Metabolic Syndrome | Metabolic/Endocrine | Metabolic System | ~25-35% of US adults; varies by country; prevalence increases with age and obesity | Insulin resistance (central mechanism), obesity (especially visceral), sedentary lifestyle, genetics, age, PCOS, NAFLD | Cluster of metabolic abnormalities driven by insulin resistance and visceral adiposity, causing inflammation, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and dysglycemia | Often asymptomatic; symptoms of individual components (fatigue, abdominal obesity); increased CV and diabetes risk | ≥3 of 5 criteria: waist circumference >102cm (M) or >88cm (F), triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, HDL <40 (M) or <50 (F) mg/dL, BP ≥130/85 mmHg, fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL | Lifestyle modification (weight loss, exercise, diet); treat individual components (statins for dyslipidemia, antihypertensives, metformin for prediabetes) | Metformin, statins (atorvastatin), antihypertensives (ACE-I, ARBs), weight loss medications if indicated | Weight loss (7-10% target), Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, 150 min/week moderate exercise, smoking cessation | Type 2 diabetes (5x risk), cardiovascular disease (2x risk), NAFLD, PCOS, sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease | Reversible with lifestyle changes; significantly increases CV mortality and diabetes risk; life expectancy reduced if progresses to diabetes/CVD | Major predictor of diabetes and CVD; present in ~40% of adults >60; huge preventive health target | E88.81 | Yes | Typically >40 years; increasing in younger adults and adolescents with obesity |
| 23 | 23 | Graves' Disease | Metabolic/Endocrine | Endocrine System | ~1% of population; most common cause of hyperthyroidism; female:male ratio 7-10:1 | Autoimmune disorder with TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb); genetic predisposition, smoking, stress, pregnancy, high iodine intake | TSH receptor-stimulating antibodies cause unregulated thyroid hormone production and gland enlargement; orbital inflammation in Graves' ophthalmopathy | Hyperthyroidism: weight loss, heat intolerance, palpitations, tremor, anxiety, diarrhea, menstrual changes; specific: exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, diffuse goiter | Suppressed TSH, elevated free T4/T3, positive TRAb or thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI), increased radioactive iodine uptake, clinical features | Antithyroid drugs (methimazole, PTU), beta-blockers for symptoms; definitive: radioactive iodine ablation or thyroidectomy | Methimazole, propylthiouracil (PTU), propranolol, radioactive iodine-131, surgical thyroidectomy | Smoking cessation (worsens eye disease), stress management, adequate iodine (not excessive), selenium for mild ophthalmopathy | Thyroid storm (rare, life-threatening), atrial fibrillation, osteoporosis, Graves' ophthalmopathy (can threaten vision), heart failure | Good prognosis with treatment; remission possible with ATD (30-50%); most eventually become hypothyroid after RAI/surgery requiring lifelong levothyroxine; normal life expectancy with treatment | Rare cause of mortality; ophthalmopathy can impact quality of life; well-managed disease has excellent outcomes | E05.0 | No | Typically 30-50 years; can occur at any age; more common in women |
| 24 | 24 | Hashimoto's Thyroiditis | Metabolic/Endocrine | Endocrine System | ~5% of population; most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient areas; female:male ratio ~10:1 | Autoimmune destruction of thyroid gland; genetic factors, environmental triggers, associated with other autoimmune diseases, higher iodine intake | Chronic lymphocytic infiltration and antibody-mediated (anti-TPO, anti-thyroglobulin) destruction of thyroid tissue leading to progressive hypothyroidism | Early: may have transient hyperthyroidism; later: hypothyroidism symptoms (fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, dry skin, bradycardia, depression); goiter may be present | Elevated TSH, low free T4, positive anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies in 90%, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies; thyroid ultrasound shows heterogeneous echotexture | Levothyroxine replacement therapy titrated to normalize TSH (typically 0.5-5 mIU/L); lifelong treatment required once hypothyroid | Levothyroxine (T4 replacement); liothyronine (T3) rarely added; target TSH normalization | No specific dietary changes needed; ensure adequate iodine (but not excessive); regular TSH monitoring | Untreated: myxedema coma (rare, life-threatening), heart disease, infertility, pregnancy complications; small increased risk of thyroid lymphoma | Excellent prognosis with levothyroxine replacement; normal life expectancy; lifelong treatment required; dose adjustments needed with aging/pregnancy | Very common condition; minimal mortality with treatment; major cause of hypothyroidism globally | E06.3 | No | Typically 30-60 years; can occur at any age; often diagnosed in middle-aged women |
| 25 | 25 | Cushing's Syndrome | Metabolic/Endocrine | Endocrine System | Rare: ~1-2 per million/year (endogenous); more common from exogenous glucocorticoid use | Exogenous: chronic corticosteroid therapy (most common); endogenous: pituitary adenoma (Cushing's disease 70%), adrenal tumors, ectopic ACTH (lung cancer, carcinoid) | Chronic excess cortisol causing protein catabolism, altered fat distribution, insulin resistance, immune suppression, and mineralocorticoid effects | Central obesity, moon facies, buffalo hump, purple striae, easy bruising, muscle weakness, hypertension, glucose intolerance, osteoporosis, mood changes, hirsutism | Elevated 24-hour urinary free cortisol, elevated late-night salivary cortisol, lack of cortisol suppression on low-dose dexamethasone test; imaging and ACTH levels to localize source | Exogenous: taper corticosteroids; endogenous: transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma, adrenalectomy for adrenal tumors, medical therapy (ketoconazole, metyrapone) if surgery not possible | Ketoconazole, metyrapone, pasireotide, mifepristone (for hyperglycemia); surgical resection when possible | Manage complications: diabetes control, BP management, bone health (calcium, vitamin D, bisphosphonates), gradual steroid taper for exogenous cases | Hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis with fractures, infections, cardiovascular disease, psychiatric disturbances, adrenal insufficiency post-treatment | Variable; depends on cause and treatment; untreated endogenous Cushing's has significantly reduced life expectancy (5-year mortality ~50%); surgical cure improves prognosis but residual morbidity common | Rare condition; significant morbidity from complications; untreated has high mortality from CV disease and infections | E24 | No | Pituitary Cushing's: typically 20-40 years; adrenal/ectopic: any age |
- Full dataset access
- Excel format
- Instant download