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Egypt
Africa
A historic country with ancient civilization landmarks like the Pyramids and Nile River. Egypt bridges Africa and the Middle East, with a strong tourism and energy sector.
112,000,000
Population
1,010,000
Area (km²)
Cairo
Capital
57
Historical Events
Historical Timeline
Cities
57 Events
September 16, 2025 - A 3,000-year-old gold bracelet is stolen from the Egyptian Museum, melted down, and sold; four arrests made, damaging cultural security.
August 29, 2025 - Authorities crack down on teen TikTokers, arresting several in a social media regulation push.
August 04, 2025 - Voting begins in Senate elections, a pivotal political process.
July 20, 2025 - Police kill two suspected militants in Giza during a shootout.
July 02, 2025 - An oil-drilling ship capsizes in the Gulf of Suez, killing four crew and leaving three missing; a Cairo telecom fire kills four, injures 27, and disrupts internet.
June 27, 2025 - A Nile Delta road collision kills 19.
June 14, 2025 - Clashes follow Western activists' Gaza entry attempt, stirring social and border security issues.
May 19, 2025 - An Egyptian Air Force training jet crashes, killing the crew and impacting military readiness.
March 30, 2025 - Metropolitan Pakhomius, a key Coptic Orthodox leader, dies, marking a religious milestone.
March 27, 2025 - A tourist submarine sinks off Hurghada, killing six Russians and affecting Red Sea tourism safety.
March 13, 2025 - A train hits a minibus in Ismailia, killing eight at an unauthorized crossing.
March 03, 2025 - A minibus-truck collision in Asyut kills 13, reinforcing road safety challenges.
December 29, 2024 - A gas explosion at the National Police academy kills three officers.
December 19, 2024 - President Sisi signs a bill shifting refugee oversight from UNHCR to Egyptian authorities, altering migration policy.
December 10, 2024 - A six-story building collapses in Cairo, killing at least eight.
November 26, 2024 - Four survivors rescued from the Red Sea incident.
November 25, 2024 - A Red Sea tourist boat sinks, leaving 17 missing and impacting tourism.
October 20, 2024 - Egypt is declared malaria-free after a century-long effort, a public health milestone.
October 14, 2024 - A university bus accident on Al-Galala Road kills 12 students and injures 33, affecting education and youth safety.
October 13, 2024 - A Minya train crash kills one and injures over 20.
September 14, 2024 - Two trains collide in Zagazig, killing three and injuring 29, exacerbating transport concerns.
August 27, 2024 - First batch of Egyptian troops and equipment deploys to Somalia (up to 10,000 total), a major diplomatic and security commitment.
August 21, 2024 - A train-truck collision in Borg El Arab kills two, highlighting rail-road safety gaps.
August 09, 2024 - Wrestler Mohamed Ibrahim El-Sayed is arrested in Paris for sexual assault, tarnishing sports image.
August 07, 2024 - NOTAM alerts issued; airlines avoid Iranian and Lebanese airspace amid regional tensions, affecting aviation.
July 30, 2024 - A Nile boat capsizes in Cairo, killing five and injuring nine, impacting tourism safety.
July 18, 2024 - Suez Canal revenues fall 23.4% due to Red Sea disruptions, hitting economic revenues.
July 03, 2024 - Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly's second cabinet is inaugurated, marking a governmental reshuffle.
May 29, 2024 - Subsidized bread prices rise to 20 piastres for the first time in 30 years, affecting food affordability; details emerge on the 'New Cairo serial killer' case with three murders.
May 27, 2024 - An Egyptian guard is killed in a Rafah border shooting, prompting investigations.
May 21, 2024 - A minibus falls off a Nile ferry, killing 10 and raising waterway safety issues.
May 05, 2024 - Cease-fire talks collapse with Israel's vowed operation, influencing Egypt's mediation role and security.
April 12, 2024 - The EU pledges €1 billion in aid, bolstering economic stability.
April 02, 2024 - President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi is sworn in for a third term, consolidating political power.
February 27, 2024 - A Nile ferry sinks, killing at least 10 and affecting river transport safety.
February 16, 2024 - Construction starts on a 2-mile Gaza border buffer zone, enhancing national security.
February 14, 2024 - A truck crashes into vehicles in Alexandria, killing 15 and underscoring transport risks.
January 31, 2024 - The US Dollar hits 71 EGP on the black market, signaling currency instability.
January 29, 2024 - Restoration begins on the Pyramid of Menkaure's granite facade, a key cultural heritage project.
January 15, 2024 - Clashes on the Egyptian-Israeli border involve 20 armed men, wounding an Israeli soldier and affecting security dynamics.
January 03, 2024 - Electricity prices rise 7-20%, impacting household and industrial costs amid economic pressures.
January 01, 2024 - Egypt joins the BRICS group, expanding diplomatic and economic partnerships.
December 26, 2023 - Egypt shoots down a UAV over Dahab, reinforcing aerial defense measures.
October 28, 2023 - A multi-vehicle collision in Beheira kills 32 and injures 63, further highlighting road safety crises; the foreign ministry warns of repercussions from Israel's Gaza operations, blaming violations of UN resolutions.
October 27, 2023 - A drone crashes into a Taba building, lightly injuring six; investigations reveal two drones moving north from the Red Sea, raising aerial security concerns.
October 22, 2023 - An Israeli tank hits an Egyptian position near Gaza, injuring border guards and escalating regional security risks.
October 20, 2023 - Protests erupt near Rafah and Tahrir Square after President Sisi refuses Gaza entry for Palestinians, heightening social and border tensions.
October 08, 2023 - An Egyptian police officer kills two Israeli tourists and an Egyptian guide in Alexandria; Israel advises citizens to leave, affecting tourism and diplomacy.
October 02, 2023 - A fire at an Ismailia police facility injures 38, prompting facility safety reviews.
September 11, 2023 - The niqab is banned in schools, sparking public debate on social and educational policies.
June 26, 2023 - A 14-story building collapses in Sid Beshr, Alexandria, killing at least five including a child and injuring five, exposing construction vulnerabilities.
June 13, 2023 - A minibus collision in El Saff kills 15 and injures two, raising road safety alarms.
June 08, 2023 - The antiquities ministry bans a Dutch team from Saqqara excavations over a controversial exhibit, impacting international archaeology.
June 03, 2023 - An Egyptian police officer kills three Israeli soldiers at the border before being killed; his body is returned, straining security ties with Israel.
March 07, 2023 - A train accident in Qalyub kills four and injures 26, underscoring transportation safety issues.
March 01, 2023 - The government restores daylight savings time after a seven-year hiatus, affecting national scheduling and energy policies.
January 07, 2023 - A roof collapse in Alexandria results in two deaths and one injury, highlighting infrastructure safety concerns.
Frequently Asked Questions About Egypt
100 Questions
Egypt is in North Africa, spanning into the Middle East via the Sinai Peninsula.
The capital is Cairo, the largest city in the Arab world.
Over 110 million people as of 2025, making it the most populous country in the Arab world.
Arabic is the official language; English and French are also widely used.
Mostly desert, with hot summers and mild winters; Mediterranean climate along the northern coast.
The Egyptian pound (EGP).
Red, white, and black horizontal stripes with the golden eagle of Saladin in the center.
Cairo, Alexandria, Giza, Sharm El-Sheikh, Luxor, and Aswan.
Formally in 1922 from Britain, with full sovereignty in 1952 after the revolution.
Egypt’s second president, a nationalist leader (1956–1970).
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi (as of 2025).
A unitary presidential republic.
Islam (over 90% Sunni Muslim), with a Christian minority (mostly Coptic Orthodox).
Around $475 billion in 2025 estimates.
Around $4,000.
Around 73%.
About 71 years.
Around 2.9 children per woman.
Around 60%.
Petroleum, natural gas, textiles, chemicals, and agricultural products.
Machinery, food, vehicles, and consumer goods.
Oil, natural gas, gold, phosphates, and fertile Nile land.
The world’s longest river, flowing through Egypt and vital to its history and agriculture.
A massive dam on the Nile, completed in 1970, providing electricity and flood control.
A large reservoir created by the Aswan High Dam.
The Western Desert (Sahara), the Eastern Desert, and the Sinai Desert.
A sacred mountain in Sinai, traditionally linked to the biblical story of Moses.
Bread, rice, beans, lentils, vegetables, and fish.
A national dish of stewed fava beans.
A popular street food made with rice, pasta, lentils, chickpeas, and tomato sauce.
A stew made from jute leaves, often with chicken or rabbit.
Tea, coffee, hibiscus tea (karkadé), and sugarcane juice.
Football, squash, handball, and weightlifting.
Yes, a record 7 times.
Yes, including in 1934, 1990, and 2018.
Mohamed Salah, Mahmoud El Khatib, and Hossam Hassan.
An internationally famous Egyptian footballer playing for Liverpool.
The ancient civilization of the pharaohs, pyramids, temples, and hieroglyphs.
One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, built as tombs for pharaohs.
A giant limestone statue with a lion’s body and human head near the pyramids.
A royal burial site near Luxor, where pharaohs like Tutankhamun were buried.
A boy pharaoh whose nearly intact tomb was discovered in 1922.
One of Egypt’s greatest pharaohs, often identified with biblical stories.
A major museum in Cairo housing ancient artifacts.
A new museum near Giza, one of the world’s largest archaeological museums.
One of the oldest Christian traditions, with roots in Egypt.
One of the world’s oldest universities, a center of Islamic learning in Cairo.
Around 68%, lower than men.
Around 78%.
Around 9–12%, higher among youth.
Around 25%.
Wheat, rice, maize, cotton, and sugarcane.
Cattle, sheep, goats, and camels.
“Bilady, Bilady, Bilady” (“My Homeland, My Homeland, My Homeland”).
“الله، الوطن، الثورة” (“God, Homeland, Revolution”).
The steppe eagle.
The golden eagle.
The lotus.
Cairo University, Alexandria University, and Al-Azhar University.
Developing, with modern facilities in cities but challenges in rural areas.
Hepatitis C, malaria (rare), and waterborne diseases.
Much improved, around 18 deaths per 1,000 births.
Declining, but still a concern in rural areas.
Around 90%, higher than adults.
Around $4,000 annually.
Declining but still above replacement level.
Over 40%, with Cairo and Alexandria as major hubs.
Centered along the Nile Valley, practicing agriculture.
Oil and natural gas.
Strong in solar and wind energy.
A vital waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.
One of the world’s busiest trade routes.
A conflict after Nasser nationalized the canal, involving Britain, France, and Israel.
A wave of uprisings in 2011 that led to the ousting of Hosni Mubarak.
President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011.
Egypt’s first democratically elected president, removed in 2013.
Current president, former army chief who took power after Morsi’s removal.
It hosts the headquarters in Cairo and is a founding member.
A leading political and economic force in Africa.
Active in peacekeeping and international diplomacy.
Around 10% difference.
Lower than in rural areas.
High in recent years, driven by currency devaluations.
Very high along the Nile, sparse in deserts.
Pharaonic, Arab, Islamic, Mediterranean, and African.
It is one of the largest film industries in the Arab world.
A legendary Egyptian singer, widely regarded as the “Star of the East.”
Nobel Prize-winning Egyptian novelist.
A major center of Arabic literature.
Home to Al-Azhar, one of the most influential Islamic institutions.
Coptic Church is one of the oldest Christian communities.
Crocodiles, camels, desert foxes, and migratory birds.
Western Desert, Eastern Desert, and Sinai Desert.
A major diving and tourism destination.
Provides ports like Alexandria and Damietta.
Unemployment, inflation, and debt.
Tourism, renewable energy, and trade via the Suez Canal.
Promising but dependent on political stability and economic reform.
It is a cultural, political, and economic leader, with huge historic influence.
Because of its ancient civilization, control of the Suez Canal, and role in Arab and African politics.