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Sports Injuries
An overview of sports injuries, covering injury mechanisms, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, management, rehabilitation, prevention and return-to-sport considerations.
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An overview of sports injuries, covering injury mechanisms, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, management, rehabilitation, prevention and return-to-sport considerations.
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25records
19columns
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Columns
| # | TextInjury Name | LocationBody Region | TextStructure Affected | TextInjury Category | TextAcute / Chronic | TextPrevalence | TextIncidence Rate | TextMechanism of Injury | TextSymptoms | TextSeverity Grading | TextManagement (Conservative) | TextManagement (Surgical) | TextReturn to Sport | TextRe-Injury Rate | TextLong-Term Complications | TextHigh-Risk Sports | TextRisk Factors | TextPrevention Strategies | TextSource / Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Ankle Sprain (Lateral) | Ankle | Ligament (ATFL, CFL, PTFL) | Sprain | Acute | 25-30% of all sports injuries | 0.5-1.0 per 1,000 A-E | Inversion or eversion of the ankle; landing awkwardly on an uneven surface or on another player's foot | Sudden pain, swelling, bruising, difficulty bearing weight, instability | Grade I: Mild stretch, minimal swelling Grade II: Partial tear, moderate swelling Grade III: Complete tear, severe swelling | RICE; bracing/taping; physical therapy focusing on proprioception and peroneal strengthening | Rarely needed; Brostrom repair or ligament reconstruction for chronic instability | Grade I: 1-2 wk Grade II: 3-6 wk Grade III: 6-12 wk | 20-40% within 1-2 years | Chronic ankle instability (up to 40%); recurrent sprains; early osteoarthritis | Basketball, Volleyball, Soccer, Trail Running, Tennis | Previous ankle sprain; poor proprioception; inadequate warm-up | Proprioceptive training; ankle braces/taping; neuromuscular warm-up | Hootman et al. (2007); Doherty et al. (2017) |
| 02 | ACL Tear | Knee | Ligament (Anterior Cruciate) | Sprain / Tear | Acute | 5-10% of knee injuries | 0.2-0.4 per 1,000 A-E | Non-contact pivoting, sudden deceleration, change of direction with planted foot; direct blow; landing with knee in valgus | Audible 'pop'; immediate swelling; knee instability or 'giving way'; pain and limited ROM | Complete or partial tear; often combined with meniscus/MCL ('unhappy triad') | Physical therapy (neuromuscular training, quad/hamstring strengthening); functional bracing; activity modification | ACL reconstruction (hamstring, patellar tendon, or quad tendon autograft); 6-12 month rehab | Surgical: 6-12 mo Non-surgical: 3-6 mo | 15-30% (ipsilateral or contralateral within 5 yr) | Post-traumatic OA (50-80% at 10-15 yr); meniscal degeneration; reduced long-term activity | Soccer, Basketball, Skiing, American Football, Handball | Female sex (2-8x higher); neuromuscular imbalances; narrow intercondylar notch; family history | FIFA 11+; plyometric/proprioceptive training; hamstring strengthening; landing technique coaching | Hootman et al. (2007); Ardern et al. (2014); Wiggins et al. (2016) |
| 03 | Meniscal Tear | Knee | Cartilage (Meniscus) | Cartilage Injury | Both | 10-20% of knee injuries | 0.33-0.7 per 1,000 A-E | Twisting/pivoting on loaded, flexed knee; deep squatting; degenerative wear; often concurrent with ACL injury | Joint line tenderness; locking or catching; delayed swelling; difficulty fully extending knee; positive McMurray | Red-red zone (vascular, healable) Red-white (partial) White-white (avascular, poor healing) | Rest, activity modification, anti-inflammatories; PT (quad strengthening, ROM exercises) | Arthroscopic meniscectomy; meniscal repair (suturing); meniscal transplant (rare) | Meniscectomy: 4-8 wk Repair: 3-6 mo | 15-25% (same knee) | Progressive OA (especially after meniscectomy); reduced shock absorption; chronic pain | Soccer, Basketball, American Football, Rugby, Skiing | ACL deficiency; age-related degeneration; high BMI; deep squatting; prior knee injury | Neuromuscular training; ACL injury prevention; proper squatting mechanics | Hootman et al. (2007); Lohmander et al. (2007) |
| 04 | Hamstring Strain | Thigh (Posterior) | Muscle / Musculotendinous Junction | Strain | Acute | ~10% of all sports injuries; 9.4x higher in matches | 0.5-3.0 per 1,000 A-E | Eccentric overload during high-speed running (late swing phase); overstretching during kicking; sudden acceleration | Sudden sharp pain in back of thigh; bruising; difficulty walking/running; point tenderness; palpable defect in severe tears | Grade I: Mild (<5% fibres) Grade II: Moderate partial (5-50%) Grade III: Complete rupture (>50%) | RICE; progressive eccentric strengthening (Nordic exercises); activity modification; PRP (debated) | Surgical repair for complete proximal avulsions or high-grade tears with retraction | Grade I: 1-3 wk Grade II: 3-8 wk Grade III: 3-6 mo | 13.9-63.3% within 2 yr (highest re-injury rate) | Chronic issues; reduced sprint performance; scar tissue limiting flexibility | Track & Field, Soccer, Australian Rules Football, Rugby, American Football | Previous hamstring injury; age >25; hamstring weakness; quad dominance; poor lumbopelvic control | Nordic hamstring exercises; progressive eccentric training; proper warm-up; H:Q strength ratio | Maniar et al. (2023); de Visser et al. (2012); Opar et al. (2012) |
| 05 | Achilles Tendinopathy | Ankle / Lower Leg | Tendon (Achilles) | Tendinopathy | Chronic | 5-10% of running injuries; up to 42% in individual sports | ~2.0 per 1,000 in runners | Repetitive overuse (running/jumping); sudden training load increase; surface change; tendon degeneration | Gradual pain and stiffness at back of heel (morning/after rest); thickened tendon; worsens with activity | Insertional vs midportion; reactive → disrepair → degenerative (Cook & Purdam continuum) | Eccentric loading (Alfredson protocol); load management; orthotics/heel lifts; shockwave therapy | Rarely needed (<5%); debridement or repair; Haglund's excision for insertional type | Conservative: 4-12 wk (often 3-6 mo) Surgical: 4-6 mo | 27% (conservative) | Tendon rupture if untreated; chronic pain; bilateral involvement (30%) | Running, Basketball, Tennis, Volleyball, Soccer | Sudden training increases; poor calf flexibility; age >30; male sex; obesity; fluoroquinolone use | Gradual load progression (10% rule); calf strengthening; appropriate footwear | Aicale et al. (2018); Cook & Purdam (2009) |
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