THE ORBITROCK LIBRARY

Skin Disorders

An overview of skin diseases and related conditions, covering causes, symptoms, affected structures, diagnostic methods, treatment approaches and prognosis.

View download options

About this dataset

An overview of skin diseases and related conditions, covering causes, symptoms, affected structures, diagnostic methods, treatment approaches and prognosis.

Data preview

165records

12columns

CSV + Excel + JSONformats

Sample rows from Skin Disorders. Field types are labelled in each column heading.
#	TextNo.	TextDisease Name	TextCategory	TextPrimary Cause / Etiology	TextPrevalence	TextAge of Onset	TextKey Symptoms	TextAffected Organ(s)	TextDiagnostic Method	TextTreatment Approach	TextPrognosis	TextICD-10 Code
01	1	Asteatotic Eczema (Eczema Craquelé)	Inflammatory & Eczematous Disorders	Severe xerosis (dry skin) as fundamental cause; age-related decline in natural moisturizing factors; decreased sebum production; impaired lipid synthesis in epidermis; environmental factors (low humidity, cold weather, excessive bathing, harsh soaps); diuretics causing fluid depletion; hypothyroidism association; zinc deficiency in some cases; genetic predisposition to dry skin; winter season peak	Common in elderly population (>60 years); affects up to 75% of elderly in winter months; male predominance in some studies; prevalence increases with advancing age; more common in institutionalized elderly; temperate climate areas have higher incidence; accounts for 10-15% of eczema cases in elderly	Predominantly affects elderly adults over 60 years; can occur in younger adults with predisposing factors; onset typically in winter months (October-March); chronic course with seasonal exacerbations; may first appear after hospitalization or illness; acute onset possible with severe dehydration or diuretic use	Dry, cracked skin with fine fissures creating 'crazy-paving' or 'crackled porcelain' pattern; pruritus can be intense and distressing; erythematous patches underlying fissures; polygonal scaling; predominantly affects lower legs (anterior shins 80%); may extend to thighs, trunk, arms; inflammation and oozing with severe scratching; secondary infection possible; sleep disruption from pruritus; distribution symmetric	Lower extremities (especially anterior shins); trunk; arms in extensive cases	Clinical diagnosis based on characteristic appearance and age; skin biopsy shows parakeratosis, slight spongiosis, dilated blood vessels (rarely needed); thyroid function tests to exclude hypothyroidism; serum zinc levels if deficiency suspected; rule out contact dermatitis, ichthyosis vulgaris; no specific laboratory findings	Aggressive emollient therapy (urea 10-20% cream, lactic acid 12% lotion 2-3 times daily); petroleum jelly occlusion at night; topical corticosteroids for inflammation (hydrocortisone 2.5%, triamcinolone 0.1%); oral antihistamines for pruritus (hydroxyzine 25mg HS); limit bathing frequency (every 2-3 days); warm not hot water; mild cleansers (Cetaphil, CeraVe); humidifier use; address underlying causes (thyroid replacement, zinc supplementation); avoid wool clothing	Excellent prognosis with proper skin care; 90% improvement with consistent emollient use; recurrence common each winter season requiring maintenance therapy; preventive measures highly effective; rapid improvement once dry skin addressed; chronic relapsing pattern without treatment; quality of life significantly improved with treatment; self-limiting condition if predisposing factors controlled	L85.3
02	2	Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)	Inflammatory & Eczematous Disorders	Genetic barrier dysfunction (filaggrin gene mutations in 20-30% of cases); immune dysregulation with Th2 cell dominance; elevated IgE levels; impaired ceramide synthesis; environmental triggers (allergens, irritants, stress); microbiome alterations with Staphylococcus aureus colonization (90% of lesional skin); epidermal water loss 2-3 times normal	Global prevalence 15-30% in children, 2-10% in adults (ISAAC study); affects ~230 million people worldwide; highest in industrialized nations; prevalence doubled in past 30 years; 60% onset before age 1 year, 90% before age 5; 30-40% have family history	Most common onset infancy (2-6 months); 60% present before age 1 year; 85% before age 5; can persist into adulthood in 10-30%; adult-onset form in 5-10% cases; chronic relapsing course with remission periods	Intense pruritus (hallmark symptom); erythematous patches and plaques; xerosis (dry skin); lichenification from chronic scratching; vesiculation in acute phase; oozing and crusting; distribution varies by age (face/extensor surfaces in infants, flexural areas in children/adults); excoriations; sleep disturbance in 60%; secondary bacterial infections common	Skin (epidermis and dermis); may involve conjunctiva; respiratory tract in atopic march	Clinical diagnosis using Hanifin-Rajka criteria (3+ major, 3+ minor criteria); elevated serum IgE in 80%; peripheral eosinophilia; skin prick testing for allergen identification; SCORAD index for severity assessment (score 0-103); transepidermal water loss measurement; skin biopsy shows spongiosis (rarely needed)	Emollients 2-4 times daily (ceramide-containing preferred); topical corticosteroids first-line (hydrocortisone 1-2.5% for mild, triamcinolone 0.1% moderate, clobetasol 0.05% severe); topical calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus 0.03-0.1%, pimecrolimus 1%); systemic therapy for severe cases (dupilumab 300mg Q2weeks, cyclosporine 3-5mg/kg/day, methotrexate 7.5-25mg weekly); phototherapy (narrowband UVB); antihistamines for pruritus; bleach baths (0.005%) twice weekly; antibiotics for secondary infection	Chronic relapsing condition with variable severity; 60-70% of childhood cases achieve remission by adolescence; 30% continue into adulthood; quality of life significantly impaired during flares; increased risk of asthma (30%), allergic rhinitis (35%), food allergies (30%); good prognosis with comprehensive management; less than 1% progress to erythroderma	L20.9
03	3	Autosensitization Dermatitis (Id Reaction)	Inflammatory & Eczematous Disorders	Autoeczematization or 'id reaction' as systemic response to localized inflammatory focus; exact mechanism unclear; possible hematogenous spread of allergens, bacterial antigens, or cytokines from primary site; immune complex deposition theory; most commonly triggered by stasis dermatitis (40%), fungal infections (30%), contact dermatitis (20%); circulating antigens or altered T-cell response; cross-reactive immune response; primary site acts as sensitizing focus	Uncommon condition; exact prevalence unknown; occurs in <5% of patients with primary inflammatory dermatoses; more common in adults with chronic venous insufficiency; male and female equally affected; may occur at any age; reported in association with various primary dermatoses including tinea infections, nummular eczema, stasis dermatitis	Develops days to weeks after onset or flare of primary dermatosis; can occur at any age; often follows intensification of primary lesion; acute onset of secondary eruption; primary site precedes id reaction by days to weeks; may recur with subsequent flares of primary condition	Symmetric, generalized papulovesicular eruption distant from primary site; intense pruritus; small vesicles and papules on trunk, extremities; secondary sites morphologically different from primary lesion (vesicular vs. primary dermatitis); primary inflammatory focus usually evident (stasis dermatitis, tinea pedis, infected eczema); resolution follows treatment of primary site; distribution symmetric and generalized; no direct contact with primary lesion	Skin distant from primary inflammatory site; trunk and extremities predominantly; generalized distribution	Clinical diagnosis based on temporal relationship to primary dermatosis and distant location; KOH preparation of primary site if fungal suspected; bacterial culture if infection present; skin biopsy of id reaction shows spongiotic dermatitis (nonspecific); identification and confirmation of primary dermatosis essential; patch testing if contact dermatitis primary cause; rule out primary generalized eruption or drug reaction	Treat primary inflammatory focus (cornerstone of management): antifungals for tinea (terbinafine 250mg daily 2-4 weeks), antibiotics for infected eczema (cephalexin 500mg QID), compression and topical corticosteroids for stasis dermatitis; secondary eruption treated with mid-potency topical corticosteroids (triamcinolone 0.1% twice daily); oral antihistamines for pruritus; oral corticosteroids for severe id reaction (prednisone 40-60mg tapering over 2-3 weeks); emollients; cool compresses; id reaction resolves as primary site improves	Excellent prognosis; id reaction resolves within 1-3 weeks once primary focus treated; 90-95% clearance with appropriate management of primary dermatosis; recurrence possible with recurrence of primary condition; no long-term sequelae; rapid improvement once primary site controlled; self-limiting once trigger eliminated; favorable outcomes with proper diagnosis and treatment of primary site	L30.2
04	4	Contact Dermatitis (Allergic)	Inflammatory & Eczematous Disorders	Type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction; T-cell mediated immune response to specific allergens; sensitization phase requires 5-21 days; elicitation phase 24-72 hours after re-exposure; common allergens include nickel (14% of population), fragrances (2-4%), preservatives (methylisothiazolinone), rubber chemicals, para-phenylenediamine in hair dyes; cross-reactivity patterns with structurally similar compounds	Affects 15-20% of general population at some point; accounts for 20-25% of occupational skin diseases; nickel allergy affects 8-19% of women, 1-3% of men; occupational incidence 0.5-1.9 per 1000 person-years; healthcare workers, hairdressers, construction workers at highest risk	Can develop at any age; occupational forms typically in young adults (20-40 years); nickel allergy often manifests in adolescence with ear piercing; cumulative exposure over months to years before sensitization; can develop after years of safe use	Pruritic erythematous papules and vesicles; weeping and crusting in acute phase; well-demarcated patches corresponding to contact area; geometric or linear patterns common; lichenification with chronic exposure; edema and erosions in severe cases; distribution provides diagnostic clues (earlobes for nickel, wrists for fragrances); systemic contact dermatitis possible with oral exposure	Skin (epidermis primarily); regional lymph nodes may be involved	Patch testing (gold standard, sensitivity 70-80%); TRUE Test or Thin-layer Rapid Use Epicutaneous Test; reading at 48 and 96 hours; positive reactions graded 1+ to 3+; repeat open application test (ROAT) for confirmation; detailed exposure history critical; skin biopsy shows spongiosis with eosinophils (if needed)	Allergen identification and avoidance (cornerstone of management); topical corticosteroids (betamethasone valerate 0.1%, mometasone 0.1% once daily); systemic corticosteroids for severe cases (prednisone 0.5-1mg/kg tapering over 2-3 weeks); oral antihistamines (hydroxyzine 25-50mg, cetirizine 10mg daily); emollients and barrier repair; occupational modifications or personal protective equipment; desensitization rarely used	Excellent prognosis with allergen avoidance; 60-80% clear completely when exposure eliminated; chronic cases develop with continued exposure; occupational forms may require career change in 10-15% cases; recurrence immediate upon re-exposure; quality of life impairment moderate to severe during active disease	L23.9
05	5	Contact Dermatitis (Irritant)	Inflammatory & Eczematous Disorders	Direct cytotoxic damage to keratinocytes from chemical, physical, or biological irritants; non-immunologic mechanism; disruption of stratum corneum barrier; lipid extraction by solvents; denaturation of keratin proteins; common irritants include soaps, detergents, acids, alkalis, solvents, water (chronic wet work); cumulative insult dermatitis most common form; accounts for 80% of contact dermatitis cases	Most common occupational skin disease (70-80% of work-related dermatitis); affects 20-35% of healthcare workers; 5-10% of general population affected; incidence 0.7-1.4 per 1000 person-years in occupational settings; hand dermatitis affects 5-10% of general population annually	Any age; most common in working adults (25-50 years); acute form can occur after single exposure; chronic cumulative form develops after weeks to months of repeated exposure; infants at risk for diaper dermatitis; onset directly related to intensity and duration of exposure	Burning, stinging, pain more prominent than itching; erythema and scaling; fissuring and cracking of hands/fingers; hyperkeratosis in chronic cases; vesiculation less common than allergic form; diffuse involvement without sharp margins; affects dorsal hands, finger webs, palms; erosions and ulceration with strong irritants; symptoms improve on weekends/holidays (occupational clue)	Skin (epidermis and upper dermis); hands involved in 80% of cases	Clinical diagnosis based on exposure history; patch testing negative (distinguishes from allergic); rapid onset after known irritant exposure; lack of sensitization phase; improvement away from exposure; skin biopsy shows necrotic keratinocytes, neutrophilic infiltrate (rarely needed); transepidermal water loss elevated	Irritant identification and avoidance; frequent emollient use (4-6 times daily); barrier creams before exposure; topical corticosteroids (triamcinolone 0.1%, fluocinonide 0.05% twice daily); hand protection with cotton-lined gloves; wet work reduction below 2 hours/day; job modification if occupational; tacrolimus 0.1% for hand dermatitis; oral corticosteroids rarely needed for severe acute cases	Good prognosis with exposure reduction and barrier restoration; 50-70% improve with proper management; chronic cases may persist despite treatment; occupational forms lead to job change in 20-30% severe cases; recurrence common with continued exposure; barrier function recovers slowly over weeks to months	L24.9

Unlock the full dataset

KEEP EXPLORING

There’s more to discover.

Find another starting point in the dataset library.

Explore all datasets