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Longevity Drugs and Compounds
An overview of drugs and compounds studied in ageing research, covering proposed mechanisms, animal findings, human study summaries and reported evidence levels.
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An overview of drugs and compounds studied in ageing research, covering proposed mechanisms, animal findings, human study summaries and reported evidence levels.
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38records
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| # | Text# | TextCompound | TextCategory | TextClass | TextPrimary Medical Use | TextProposed Longevity Mechanism | TextEvidence Level | TextModel Organism Data | TextHuman Data | TextKey Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | 1 | Rapamycin (Sirolimus) | mTOR / Growth Signalling | mTOR inhibitor | Immunosuppressant (organ transplant) | Inhibits mTORC1; promotes autophagy and cellular recycling; reduces senescence | Strong | Extended lifespan in mice up to 26% (ITP); also in yeast, worms, flies | Trials on immune ageing (PEARL); topical skin ageing trials show benefit | Most robust mammalian lifespan extension; ITP-validated; dosing schedule under study |
| 02 | 2 | Acarbose | Metabolic / Glucose | Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor | Type 2 diabetes | Reduces post-meal glucose spikes; mimics caloric restriction signalling | Strong | Extended lifespan in male mice ~22%; modest in females (ITP) | Long safety record in diabetes patients | ITP-validated; greater effect in males; well-tolerated; inexpensive |
| 03 | 3 | Metformin | Metabolic / Glucose | Biguanide | Type 2 diabetes | Activates AMPK; reduces inflammation, oxidative stress, and IGF-1 signalling | Moderate–Strong | Mixed results in mice; some lifespan extension at lower doses | Epidemiological: diabetics on metformin outlived non-diabetic controls; TAME trial ongoing | TAME trial is the first FDA-approved ageing trial; widely used; very inexpensive |
| 04 | 4 | Anti-IL-11 (X203) | Anti-inflammatory | Anti-inflammatory antibody | Experimental | Blocks IL-11 pro-ageing signalling; reduces fibrosis, inflammation, and metabolic decline | Emerging | Extended lifespan ~25% in mice (Nature, 2024) | Not yet in human ageing trials | Novel target; published in Nature 2024; potential first-in-class geroprotector |
| 05 | 5 | Trametinib | mTOR / Growth Signalling | MEK inhibitor | Cancer (melanoma) | Inhibits RAS-MAPK pathway; reduces cellular senescence and growth signalling | Moderate | Extended lifespan in Drosophila ~12%; limited mammalian ageing data | FDA-approved for cancer; no human ageing trials | Repurposing for ageing is early-stage; significant side-effect profile |
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