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Flies

Order Diptera

Characterized by having only two wings, with the hindwings reduced to halteres used for balance. Diptera includes mosquitoes, gnats, midges, and true flies.

Species in this Order (112)

Tabanidae

American Horse Fly

Tabanus americanus

One of the largest horse flies in North America with a dark brown body and conspicuous green or purp...

20-28 mm
Chironomidae

Antarctic Midge

Belgica antarctica

The only insect endemic to Antarctica and the continents largest purely terrestrial animal at 2-6 mm...

2-6 mm
Tephritidae

Apple Maggot Fly

Rhagoletis pomonella

A fruit fly pest whose larvae tunnel through apple flesh causing brown trails. It is a textbook exam...

4-6 mm
Empididae

Balloon Dance Fly

Hilara maura

A dance fly famous for its elaborate mating ritual in which males present silk-wrapped prey gifts to...

4-6 mm
Neriidae

Banana Stalk Fly

Telostylinus angusticollis

A slender long-legged fly from Australia whose body size depends on larval nutrition. Larger males p...

8-15 mm
Nycteribiidae

Bat Fly

Nycteribia kolenatii

A wingless spider-like fly that lives exclusively as an ectoparasite on bats. Its legs are adapted f...

3-5 mm
Nycteribiidae

Bat Fly

Penicillidia conspicua

A bizarre wingless fly that lives exclusively as an ectoparasite on bats. It has lost its wings enti...

2-5 mm
Syrphidae

Batman Hoverfly

Myathropa florea

A wasp-mimicking hoverfly with a distinctive bat-shaped marking on its thorax, earning it the nickna...

12-15 mm
Asilidae

Bearded Robber Fly

Machimus atricapillus

A common European robber fly with a prominent mystax (facial beard) of bristles that protect its fac...

12-18 mm
Bombyliidae

Bee Fly

Bombylius major

A fuzzy bee mimic with a long fixed proboscis used for hovering in front of flowers to drink nectar....

8-18 mm
Asilidae

Bee Killer Robber Fly

Mallophora bomboides

A large fuzzy robber fly that closely resembles a bumble bee in both appearance and buzzing flight. ...

20-28 mm
Tabanidae Endangered

Belkin's Dune Tabanid Fly

Brennania belkini

A rare horse fly known only from the El Segundo sand dunes in Los Angeles County. Larvae develop in ...

1-1.5 cm
Ceratopogonidae

Biting Midge

Culicoides impunctatus

A tiny, gray, blood-sucking fly notorious in Scotland and Scandinavia as the Highland midge. Swarms ...

1-3 mm
Tabanidae

Black Horse Fly

Tabanus atratus

A very large entirely black horse fly and one of the biggest flies in North America. Females are per...

20-28 mm
Stratiomyidae

Black Soldier Fly

Hermetia illucens

A large, wasp-like fly with a shiny black body and translucent areas on the abdomen. Its larvae are ...

15-20 mm
Tabanidae

Black-Tailed Deer Fly

Chrysops niger

A small dark deer fly with mostly blackened wings and green iridescent eyes. It is an aggressive day...

7-10 mm
Calliphoridae

Blue Bottle Fly

Calliphora vomitoria

A large, metallic blue fly with a loud buzzing flight and prominent bristly body. It is one of the f...

10-14 mm
Oestridae

Bot Fly

Dermatobia hominis

Parasitic fly whose larvae develop under the skin of mammals including humans. Female captures a mos...

12-18 mm
Oestridae

Bot Fly

Cuterebra fontinella

A robust bot fly whose larvae develop under the skin of mice and voles....

15-20 mm
Ephydridae

Brine Fly

Ephydra hians

A fly that thrives in the extremely alkaline waters of Mono Lake....

4-7 mm
Tachinidae

Bristly Tachinid

Epalpus signifer

A bristly gray parasitic fly found across North America. It parasitizes a wide range of caterpillars...

6-10 mm
Tachinidae

Caterpillar Tachinid

Lydella thompsoni

A small gray parasitic fly that attacks European corn borer larvae. It was introduced to North Ameri...

5-8 mm
Piophilidae

Cheese Skipper

Piophila casei

A small fly whose larvae infest stored cheese, cured meats, and other protein-rich foods. Larvae can...

3-5 mm
Calliphoridae

Cluster Fly

Pollenia rudis

A medium-sized, dark gray fly with golden-brown hairs on the thorax. In autumn, it gathers in large ...

8-10 mm
Phoridae

Coffin Fly

Conicera tibialis

A tiny humpbacked fly capable of burrowing through soil to reach buried remains. It is of forensic i...

2-3 mm
Tipulidae

Common Crane Fly

Tipula oleracea

A large gray-brown crane fly with extremely long fragile legs that often enters homes in autumn. Its...

15-25 mm body length
Muscidae

Common House Fly

Musca domestica

One of the most widely distributed insects on Earth. Can taste with their feet, which have chemorece...

6-9 mm
Tipulidae

Crane Fly

Tipula paludosa

Often mistaken for giant mosquitoes but completely harmless. Adults often do not feed at all. Larvae...

15-25 mm
Empididae

Dance Fly

Empis tessellata

A predatory fly in which males present silk-wrapped insect prey as nuptial gifts to females. Mating ...

10-12 mm
Oestridae

Deer Bot Fly

Cephenemyia stimulator

A parasitic fly that deposits larvae in the nostrils of roe deer. The larvae develop in the pharynge...

12-15 mm
Mydidae Endangered

Delhi Sands Flower-loving Fly

Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis

A large flower fly endemic to the Delhi Sands area of San Bernardino County, California. It was the ...

2.5-3.5 cm
Bombyliidae

Dotted Bee Fly

Bombylius discolor

A spring-flying bee fly distinguished from its commoner relative by spotted wings and a darker fur c...

10-14 mm
Syrphidae

Drone Fly

Eristalis tenax

A large hoverfly that is an excellent mimic of the honey bee, complete with similar coloring and buz...

14-18 mm
Platypezidae

Flat-footed Fly

Agathomyia wankowiczii

A tiny fly whose larvae cause distinctive galls on the underside of bracket fungi. Adults perform sp...

3-4 mm
Platypezidae

Flat-footed Fly

Lindneromyia dorsalis

A tiny fly that runs in circles on leaf surfaces during its courtship display....

3-5 mm
Sarcophagidae

Flesh Fly

Sarcophaga carnaria

A large gray fly with three black longitudinal stripes on the thorax and a checkered abdomen. Unlike...

10-18 mm
Drosophilidae

Fruit Fly

Drosophila melanogaster

The most studied organism in genetics. Six Nobel Prizes have been awarded for research on this tiny ...

2-4 mm
Tipulidae

Giant Crane Fly

Tipula maxima

The largest European crane fly, with marbled wings spanning up to 65 mm. Larvae develop in wet leaf ...

30-40 mm body length, wingspan up to 65 mm
Pediciidae

Giant Eastern Crane Fly

Pedicia albivitta

A large crane fly with long delicate legs and white-banded wing markings found near forest streams. ...

20-30 mm body length
Asilidae

Giant Robber Fly

Promachus yesonicus

A massive East Asian robber fly known as 'shioya-abu' in Japan, capable of catching large beetles an...

25-35 mm
Asilidae

Giant Robber Fly

Promachus fitchii

A large, bristly predatory fly with powerful grasping legs and a sharp proboscis. It ambushes prey i...

20-35 mm
Asilidae

Giant Robber Fly

Promachus hinei

A large powerful robber fly with a bristly mustache-like mystax on its face and long grasping legs. ...

25-35 mm
Tachinidae

Giant Tachinid Fly

Tachina grossa

The largest tachinid fly in Europe, covered in dense black bristles. It parasitizes large moth cater...

12-18 mm
Chironomidae Data Deficient

Glacier Midge

Diamesa steinboecki

A remarkable midge that completes its entire life cycle in glacial streams at temperatures near 0C. ...

3-5 mm
Scathophagidae

Golden Dung Fly

Scathophaga stercoraria

A common furry yellow fly that gathers on fresh cow dung to mate and hunt....

7-10 mm
Tachinidae

Golden Tachinid Fly

Archytas marmoratus

A large bristly parasitic fly with golden-brown hairs found across the Americas. It parasitizes army...

10-14 mm
Rhagionidae

Golden-backed Snipe Fly

Chrysopilus thoracicus

A striking fly with golden thoracic hairs and dark wings that rests head-down on foliage. Larvae are...

8-12 mm
Calliphoridae

Green Bottle Fly

Lucilia sericata

A brilliant metallic green fly with large red compound eyes. Medically, its sterile larvae are used ...

10-14 mm
Tachinidae

Gypsy Moth Tachinid

Compsilura concinnata

A parasitic fly introduced to North America from Europe to control gypsy moths. It has an extremely ...

7-10 mm
Syrphidae

Hornet Hoverfly

Volucella zonaria

Europe's largest hoverfly and a convincing hornet mimic with bold yellow-and-brown banding. Its larv...

18-22 mm
Asilidae Near Threatened (declining in northern Europe)

Hornet Robber Fly

Asilus crabroniformis

Europe's largest robber fly, a hornet mimic with a yellow-and-brown body that hunts dung beetles on ...

18-28 mm
Tabanidae

Horse Fly

Tabanus bovinus

A large, stout fly with huge iridescent compound eyes that display rainbow patterns. Only females bi...

20-25 mm
Oestridae

Horse Stomach Bot Fly

Gasterophilus intestinalis

A bee-like fly that glues eggs to horse leg hairs where they are ingested during grooming. Larvae at...

12-16 mm
Syrphidae

Hover Fly

Syrphus ribesii

A bright yellow and black banded hoverfly that is an excellent wasp mimic. It hovers motionless in s...

10-13 mm
Syrphidae

Hoverfly

Episyrphus balteatus

Excellent Batesian mimics of wasps and bees. Important pollinators often overlooked. Can hover perfe...

7-12 mm
Tachinidae

Japanese Beetle Tachinid

Istocheta aldrichi

A parasitic fly introduced from Japan to North America specifically for Japanese beetle control. Fem...

5-7 mm
Dolichopodidae

Long-legged Fly

Dolichopus ungulatus

A small, slender fly with a brilliant metallic green body and long, thin legs. Males have modified l...

5-7 mm
Dolichopodidae

Long-legged Fly

Condylostylus patibulatus

A tiny metallic green predatory fly with elaborate male courtship wing displays....

4-6 mm
Hippoboscidae

Louse Fly

Hippobosca equina

A flattened bloodsucking fly parasite of horses and cattle with powerful clawed legs for clinging to...

7-8 mm
Hippoboscidae

Louse Fly

Crataerina pallida

A wingless parasitic fly that lives exclusively in swift bird nests....

5-7 mm
Bibionidae

March Fly

Bibio marci

A common black fly that swarms in large numbers around Saint Marks Day in April....

10-13 mm
Chironomidae

Midge

Chironomus plumosus

A delicate, mosquito-like fly with feathery antennae that forms enormous mating swarms at dusk. Desp...

8-12 mm
Cecidomyiidae

Midge Gall Fly

Asphondylia sarothamni

A gall midge that induces pod-like galls on broom shrubs. Its larvae develop inside swollen seed pod...

2-4 mm
Culicidae

Mosquito

Aedes aegypti

A vector for dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya. Only females bite, needing blood protein f...

4-7 mm
Deuterophlebiidae

Mountain Midge

Deuterophlebia coloradensis

A tiny midge whose larvae cling to rocks in fast-flowing alpine streams with suction discs....

3-5 mm
Mydidae

Mydas Fly

Mydas clavatus

One of the largest flies in North America mimicking spider wasps with its black and orange coloring....

25-30 mm
Mydidae Data Deficient

Mydas Fly

Gauromydas heros

The largest fly in the world at up to 60 mm long with a 100 mm wingspan. A wasp mimic with black bod...

40-60 mm body
Syrphidae

Narcissus Bulb Fly

Merodon equestris

A bumble bee-mimicking hoverfly that comes in multiple color forms matching different bumblebee spec...

10-15 mm
Keroplatidae

New Zealand Glowworm

Arachnocampa luminosa

A bioluminescent fungus gnat larva endemic to New Zealand. Produces blue-green light to lure prey in...

30-40 mm (larvae)
Tachinidae

Noisy Tachinid

Tachina fera

A large tawny-orange tachinid fly commonly found basking on vegetation in late summer. It parasitize...

9-14 mm
Calliphoridae

Old World Screwworm

Chrysomya bezziana

An obligate wound parasite of mammals found across Africa and Asia. Larvae invade wounds and feed on...

8-11 mm
Psychodidae

Owl Midge

Clogmia albipunctata

A small fuzzy moth-like fly found in bathrooms and drains worldwide. Its larvae feed on gelatinous f...

2-5 mm
Tachinidae

Parasitic Bee Fly

Winthemia rufopicta

A medium-sized tachinid fly that parasitizes armyworm caterpillars and other crop pest larvae. It is...

6-9 mm
Pediciidae

Pedician Crane Fly

Pedicia rivosa

A large, mottled-winged crane fly whose predatory larvae hunt invertebrates in wet mud and stream ma...

18-25 mm body length
Syrphidae

Pellucid Hoverfly

Volucella pellucens

A large black hoverfly with a striking translucent white band across its abdomen. Its larvae are inq...

14-17 mm
Ephydridae

Petroleum Fly

Helaeomyia petrolei

The only insect whose larvae develop in crude petroleum. Found in natural oil seeps in California, i...

5 mm
Ptychopteridae

Phantom Crane Fly

Bittacomorpha clavipes

A delicate fly with swollen black and white banded tarsi that acts as a tiny parachute, allowing it ...

10-15 mm body
Chaoboridae

Phantom Midge

Chaoborus crystallinus

A nearly transparent midge whose larvae are planktonic predators in lakes. Larvae migrate vertically...

8-10 mm
Ulidiidae

Picture-Winged Fly

Delphinia picta

A small fly with beautifully patterned wings that it waves in display like tiny semaphore flags. The...

5-8 mm
Asilidae

Red-footed Robber Fly

Dioctria rufipes

A slender, metallic-dark robber fly with conspicuous orange-red legs found in European woodlands. It...

9-13 mm
Sarcophagidae

Red-tailed Flesh Fly

Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis

A large gray flesh fly with a distinctive red-tipped abdomen. It deposits live larvae on meat, wound...

10-14 mm
Asilidae

Robber Fly

Promachus rufipes

Aggressive aerial predators that catch other insects in flight. Inject prey with neurotoxic saliva t...

15-30 mm
Psychodidae

Sand Fly

Phlebotomus papatasi

A tiny, hairy, yellowish fly with large dark eyes and wings held in a V-shape above the body. Female...

2-3 mm
Sarcophagidae

Satellite Flesh Fly

Sarcophaga africa

A tropical flesh fly that deposits larvae on carcasses and open wounds. It can cause myiasis in live...

8-14 mm
Calliphoridae

Screwworm Fly

Cochliomyia hominivorax

A devastating parasitic fly whose larvae feed on living tissue of warm-blooded animals. It was eradi...

8-12 mm
Coelopidae

Seaweed Fly

Coelopa frigida

A coastal fly whose larvae develop in rotting seaweed wrack on beaches. It forms massive swarms on s...

5-8 mm
Oestridae

Sheep Nose Bot Fly

Oestrus ovis

A parasitic fly that shoots live larvae into the nostrils of sheep and goats while in flight. Larvae...

10-12 mm
Acroceridae

Small-headed Fly

Ogcodes pallidipennis

A round-bodied fly with a tiny head whose larva parasitizes spiders from the inside....

4-8 mm
Sciomyzidae

Snail-killing Fly

Tetanocera elata

A wetland fly whose larvae are specialized predators or parasitoids of land snails. It has been inve...

7-10 mm
Rhagionidae

Snipe Fly

Rhagio scolopaceus

A slender, brownish fly with a pointed abdomen and spotted wings that typically perches head-down on...

10-15 mm
Limoniidae

Snow Crane Fly

Chionea valga

A wingless crane fly adapted to cold environments, found walking on snow surfaces in winter. It rese...

5-8 mm body length
Limoniidae

Snow Fly

Chionea araneoides

A wingless crane fly that walks on snow surfaces in winter to find mates....

5-8 mm
Stratiomyidae

Soldier Fly

Odontomyia tigrina

A brightly colored soldier fly with aquatic larvae that filter-feed in ponds....

8-12 mm
Tipulidae

Spotted Crane Fly

Nephrotoma appendiculata

A brightly marked yellow-and-black crane fly common across European meadows. Its leatherjacket larva...

15-25 mm body length
Drosophilidae

Spotted Wing Drosophila

Drosophila suzukii

An invasive fruit fly from East Asia with a saw-like ovipositor that lets it lay eggs in ripening (n...

2-3 mm
Diopsidae

Stalk-Eyed Fly

Teleopsis dalmanni

Males have eyes on the tips of long rigid stalks that can span wider than their body length. Females...

6-10 mm body (eye span up to 25 mm)
Micropezidae

Stilt-legged Fly

Rainieria antennaepes

A slender fly with banded legs that it waves to mimic parasitoid wasp antennae....

8-12 mm
Tachinidae

Stink Bug Tachinid

Trichopoda pennipes

A distinctive parasitic fly with a flattened orange abdomen and feathery legs. It attacks stink bugs...

8-12 mm
Tabanidae

Striped Deer Fly

Chrysops vittatus

A small deer fly with distinctive dark bands across its wings and bright green and gold patterned ey...

8-11 mm
Hybotidae

Tachydromia Dance Fly

Tachydromia umbrarum

A tiny wingless dance fly that runs rapidly over tree bark hunting for small arthropods. Despite bei...

2-3 mm
Nemestrinidae

Tangle-veined Fly

Nemestrina reticulata

A rare fly with an extremely long proboscis adapted for feeding on deep-tubed flowers while hovering...

12-18 mm
Nemestrinidae

Tangle-veined Fly

Nemestrina longirostris

A fly with an extraordinarily long proboscis for feeding from deep tubular flowers....

15-20 mm
Conopidae

Thick-headed Fly

Physocephala rufipes

A wasp-mimicking fly that parasitizes bumblebees by injecting eggs into them mid-flight....

8-14 mm
Conopidae

Thick-headed Fly

Conops quadrifasciatus

A wasp-mimicking parasitoid fly that attacks bumblebees in flight. The female rams an egg into a bee...

10-15 mm
Bombyliidae

Thyridanthrax Bee Fly

Thyridanthrax fenestratus

A bee fly with distinctive clear 'windows' in otherwise dark wings, found in sandy habitats across s...

8-14 mm
Glossinidae

Tsetse Fly

Glossina morsitans

Vector of African sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis). Unlike most flies, females give live birth to...

8-17 mm
Glossinidae

Tsetse Fly (Forest)

Glossina palpalis

A major vector of African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). Unique among flies for giving live bi...

8-14 mm
Bombyliidae

Villa Bee Fly

Villa hottentotta

A striking bee fly with dark-tipped wings and a stout, densely hairy body. Its larvae are parasitoid...

10-16 mm
Oestridae

Warble Fly

Hypoderma bovis

A large, hairy bee-like fly whose larvae migrate through the bodies of cattle for months before emer...

13-15 mm
Anisopodidae

Window Gnat

Sylvicola fenestralis

A small, delicate fly with dark-spotted wings often found resting on windows and walls. Larvae devel...

5-7 mm
Anisopodidae

Window Gnat

Anisopus fenestralis

A delicate gnat often found on windows whose larvae develop in fermenting sap runs....

5-8 mm
Trichoceridae

Winter Crane Fly

Trichocera annulata

A cold-adapted crane fly that forms mating swarms in winter even in freezing weather....

5-10 mm